The Race for COVID-19 Vaccines: The Various Types and Their Strengths and Weaknesses

Muhar, Bahaar Kaur; Nehira, Jeffrey; Malhotra, Ashim; Kotchoni, Simeon O.

doi:10.1177/08971900221097248

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Up-to-date, there is no effective drug for treating COVID-19 despite many trials [ 1 ]. This resulted in an unprecedented race by pharmaceutical companies attempting to develop effective vaccines [ 11 ]. This promptitude along with the emergency use authorization accorded to many vaccine led people to question vaccination safety and policy [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired hemophilia A following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report

et al. 2023

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Background In the literature, reported cases of Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) induced by COVID-19 vaccination occurred after Adenoviral Vector Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)- and SARS-CoV-2 Messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-Based vaccines. Here, and to the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of AHA occurring after an inactivated Sinovac-coronavac COVID-19 vaccine. Case presentation A 69-year-old Tunisian male patient consulted for severe left leg pain limiting physical mobility due to a 5*6 cm large ecchymosis located at the left inner thigh, having spontaneously appeared 5 days prior consultation and without notion of trauma. The patient had no known personal medical history. He had received the second dose of CoronaVac-SinoVac vaccine 30 days prior to consultation. Further physical examination revealed the presence of two other ecchymoses: one at the inner face of the right forearm, starting at the wrist reaching the elbow and the other at the left flank of the abdomen. Diagnosis of AHA was based on clinical presentation and confirmed with prolonged a PTT, Factor VIII deficiency and the presence of an FVIII inhibitor. The patient was successfully treated with corticosteroids and low dose Rituximab. Conclusion Clinicians should consider AHA in front of prolonged aPTT with or without spontaneous bleedings even after inactivated virus COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired hemophilia A following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report

et al. 2023

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“…Vaccination is necessary for vulnerable groups and one such group that tends to have a poor prognosis when it comes to SARS-CoV-2 infection is diabetics (Muhar et al, 2022), which makes getting the vaccine particularly important for them (Baiden et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different COVID-19 vaccines on some biomarkers in diabetics

Oudha¹,

Hameed²,

Naser³

2023

UTJsci

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After the emergency approval of different COVID-19 vaccines the administration of millions of doses, many concerns arise for adverse effects, especially in vulnerable groups such as diabetics. In this study, we investigate what effects different COVID vaccines could have on several biomarkers in diabetic patients and whether that raises a concern for this group or not. Materials and methods: this study includes two groups of diabetics each group consists of 20 participants ; One of the groups under study, where they received the COVID-19 vaccine either AstraZeneca or Pifizr-BioNTech vaccine and the other groups were controlled or the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the other group-the control group- did not take any vaccine. Blood samples were taken from both groups about a week after the first dose and statistical studies were conducted on the results. Results: Noticed an increase in all biomarkers. Increase in RBS could simply be due to immune response, same thing could be said for the CRP increase. Ferritin increase was not important; it was only apparent in three patients and that could be due to active infection. The increase in D-dimer levels was apparent in all patients and that raises the biggest concern. Conclusion: the biggest issue was seen in the rising of D-dimer levels because it raises concern about clotting disorders and heart disease which is already a concern for diabetic patients. Further investigation should be done and careful monitoring for clotting risks is necessary after the vaccine.

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“…The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 causes the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [ 1 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected world economies, global public health infrastructure, and social behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different COVID-19 treatments’ impact on hospital length of stay

et al. 2023

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Importance COVID-19 has adversely affected global healthcare infrastructure since 2019. Currently, there are no large-scale published reports on the efficacy of combination therapy of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and tocilizumab on COVID-19 patients. Objectives Is the combination therapy of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and tocilizumab superior to other treatments on hospitalized COVID-19 patients? Design This is a retrospective, comparative effectiveness study. Setting Single-center study Participants/interventions We analyzed different inpatient COVID-19 treatment options available in the United States and their impact on hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality. Hospitalized COVID-19 were categorized as “mild,” “moderate” and “severe'' based on the highest level of oxygen required; room air, nasal cannula, or high flow/PAP/intubation, respectively. Patients were treated in accordance with the availability of medications and the latest treatment guidelines. Main outcomes The endpoints of the study are hospital discharges and death during hospitalization. Results 1233 COVID-19 patients were admitted from 2020 to 2021. No treatment combinations showed a statistically significant decrease in hospital LOS in mild COVID-19 patients (p = 0.186). In moderate patients, the combination of remdesivir and dexamethasone slightly decreased LOS by 1 day (p = 0.007). In severe patients, the three-drug combination of remdesivir, dexamethasone, and tocilizumab decreased LOS by 8 days (p = 0.0034) when compared to nonviable treatments, such as hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma transfusion. However, it did not show any statistically significant benefit when compared to two-drug regimens (dexamethasone plus remdesivir) in severe COVID-19 (p = 0.116). No treatment arm appeared to show a statistically significant decrease in mortality for severe COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that three-drug combination may decrease LOS in severe COVID-19 patients when compared to two-drug therapy. However, the trend was not supported by statistical analysis. Remdesivir may not be clinically beneficial for mild hospitalized COVID-19 patients; considering its cost, one could reserve it for moderate and severe patients. Triple drug therapies, while potentially reducing LOS for severe patients, do not affect overall mortality. Additional patient data may increase statistical power and solidify these findings.

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The Race for COVID-19 Vaccines: The Various Types and Their Strengths and Weaknesses

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Acquired hemophilia A following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report

Acquired hemophilia A following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report

Effect of different COVID-19 vaccines on some biomarkers in diabetics

Different COVID-19 treatments’ impact on hospital length of stay

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