The Racial Gap in Employment and Layoffs during COVID-19 in the United States: A Visualization

Dias, Felipe A.

doi:10.1177/2378023120988397

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Data from the Current Population Survey illustrate a substantial white–nonwhite gap in employment, with the racial gap in employment between White and Black men increasing by 43.7% between February 2020 and May 2020, while the gap between White and Asian men increased more than twofold. 9 Furthermore, the effects of COVID-19 related unemployment have been found to disproportionately affect Hispanics, Blacks, and women, especially in the short term. 6 , 10 , 24 We would also like to highlight the marked increase in anti-Asian sentiment and violent crime since the advent of the pandemic; this intensified anti-Asian discrimination and stigma is an ongoing issue that has received extensive media coverage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Employment Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychological Distress

Matthews

Chen

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Objective: We examined associations of negative employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic with mental health in a national sample of U.S. workers, and whether the associations differed by race. Methods: Data were from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic Study, a cross-sectional survey. The effects of negative employment changes on psychological distress in 1510 workers were examined via linear regression, and stratified analyses were conducted across racial subgroups. Results: After adjustment for covariates, compared to workers with no change in employment, those who experienced permanent job loss had the highest psychological distress (β and 95% CI = 3.27 [1.89, 4.65]). Permanent job loss had the greatest effect on psychological distress in Blacks and Asians. Conclusion: Negative employment changes related to the pandemic may have deleterious impacts on workers’ mental health, with disproportionate effects on racial minorities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Employment Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychological Distress

Matthews

Chen

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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“…Although rural areas are not as overwhelmingly white as often portrayed, they are still home to a higher proportion of white residents than urban areas (Lee and Sharp 2017;Lichter 2012). Given significant inequalities in COVID-19 mortality, infection rates, wealth, and economic hardships between white and nonwhite Americans due to deep-seated structural inequalities (Cheng, Sun, and Monnat 2020;Dias 2021;Enriquez and Goldstein 2020;Henning-Smith, Tuttle, and Kozhimannil 2021;Morales et al 2020;Wrigley-Field et al 2020), it is likely that rural-urban differences in racial composition may create a relative rural advantage in labor-force impacts.…”

Section: Covid-19 In Rural and Urban Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-Urban Differences in the Labor-Force Impacts of COVID-19 in the United States

Brooks

Mueller

Thiede

2021

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

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COVID-19 has had dramatic impacts on economic outcomes across the United States, yet most research on the pandemic’s labor-market impacts has had a national or urban focus. We overcome this limitation using data from the U.S. Current Population Survey’s COVID-19 supplement to study pandemic-related labor-force outcomes in rural and urban areas from May 2020 through February 2021. We find the pandemic has generally had more severe labor-force impacts on urban adults than their rural counterparts. Urban adults were more often to go unpaid for missed hours, to be unable to work, and to be unable to look for work due to COVID-19. However, rural workers were less likely to work remotely than urban workers. These differences persist even when adjusting for adults’ socioeconomic characteristics and state-level factors. Our results suggest that rural-urban differences in the nature of work during the pandemic cannot be explained by well-known demographic and political differences between rural and urban America.

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“…Perhaps even more troubling, the indirect economic effects of the pandemic threaten to strongly amplify social inequalities for years to come. A huge fraction of the worlds labor force has been pushed out of work ( Dias, 2021 ), and even in countries like Norway layoffs are more common among lower socio-economic groups ( Carlsen et al, 2020 ). A record number of children are going hungry, and many are out of school ( Policy Brief: Education d, 2020 ).…”

Section: Rising Global Health Inequalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the Nordic Paradox: a call to measure the inequality reducing benefits of welfare systems in the wake of the pandemic

Friedman

Calderón-Villarreal

Heggebø

et al. 2021

Social Science & Medicine

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The Nordic Paradox of inequality describes how the Nordic countries have puzzlingly high levels of relative health inequalities compared to other nations, despite extensive universal welfare systems and progressive tax regimes that redistribute income. However, the veracity and origins of this paradox have been contested across decades of literature, as many scholars argue it relates to measurement issues or historical coincidences. Disentangling between potential explanations is crucial to determine if widespread adoption of the Nordic model could represent a sufficient panacea for lowering health inequalities, or if new approaches must be pioneered. As newfound challenges to welfare systems continue to emerge, evidence describing the benefits of welfare systems is becoming ever more important. Preliminary evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic is drastically exacerbating social inequalities in health across the world, via direct and indirect effects. We argue that the COVID-19 pandemic therefore represents a unique opportunity to measure the value of welfare systems in insulating their populations from rising social inequalities in health. However, COVID-19 has also created new measurement challenges and interrupted data collection mechanisms. Robust academic studies will therefore be needed—drawing on novel data collection methods—to measure increasing social inequalities in health in a timely fashion. In order to assure that policies implemented to reduce inequalities can be guided by accurate and updated information, policymakers, academics, and the international community must work together to ensure streamlined data collection, reporting, analysis, and evidence-based decision-making. In this way, the pandemic may offer the opportunity to finally clarify some of the mechanisms underpinning the Nordic Paradox, and potentially more firmly establish the merits of the Nordic model as a global example for reducing social inequalities in health.

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The Racial Gap in Employment and Layoffs during COVID-19 in the United States: A Visualization

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Negative Employment Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychological Distress

Negative Employment Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychological Distress

Rural-Urban Differences in the Labor-Force Impacts of COVID-19 in the United States

COVID-19 and the Nordic Paradox: a call to measure the inequality reducing benefits of welfare systems in the wake of the pandemic

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