“…Third, there is substantial evidence for a tightening of immigration policies (cf., Givens & Luedtke, 2005). Some scholars view this as a consequence of the radical right parties' participation in governing coalitions or as mainstream governing parties' response to the former's electoral success (cf., Minkenberg, 2001;Schain, 2006). These observations, finally, cause both academics and political commentators to claim an overall swing to the right (Rechtsruck, Verrechtsing) in European democracies (cf., Westin, 2003).…”