“…However, the superior intercostal veins on the right and left sides vary significantly in their modes of origin, course, anastomosis, and destination (Hollinshead & Rosse, 1985;Woodburne & Burkel, 1988). Anatomical and radiological reports have documented a wide range of frequencies for the right superior intercostal vein, ranging from 16% to 85%, while the left superior intercostal vein's frequency ranges from 0.9% to 49% (Abiru et al, 2005;Catalano et al, 1989;Friedman et al, 1978;Kutoglu et al, 2012;McDonald et al, 1970;Medrea et al, 1988;Morison, 1879;Woodring & Olson, 1987). Notably, the left superior intercostal vein can appear as "aortic nipple" that projects from the aortic knob on x-rays, which may be confused with lymphadenopathy or neoplasm (Abiru et al, 2005;Friedman et al, 1978;McDonald et al, 1970).…”