The Raman Spectra of Polybutadiene Rubbers

Cornell, S. W.; Koenig, Jack L.

doi:10.1021/ma60011a018

Cited by 81 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…3 Recently, advances in the Raman instrumentation, such as the diode-array detector, Fourier transform ͑FT͒ operation, and the so-called confocal arrangement, 4 have significantly facilitated the polymer study for both research and industrial applications. Numerous applications of Raman spectroscopy to different polymer problems have been developing in recent years, including studies of polymer structure, [5][6][7] orientation, 1,8,9 polymerization, 10 and so on. The increased applications of Raman spectroscopy result from its attractive advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined techniques of Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron two-dimensional x-ray diffraction for in situ study of anisotropic system: Example of polymer fibers under deformation

Ran

Fang

Šics

et al. 2003

Review of Scientific Instruments

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High pressure stability of bismuth sillenite: A Raman spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction studyMapping the three-dimensional strain field around a microindentation on silicon using polishing and Raman spectroscopy Simultaneous measurements of Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron two-dimensional ͑2D͒ wide-angle x-ray diffraction ͑WAXD͒ have been successfully demonstrated for in situ study of an anisotropic system: isotactic polypropylene ͑iPP͒ fiber under tensile deformation. A fiber-optic probe was used to remotely deliver the incident laser beam on the sample as well as to collect the Raman signal based on the confocal arrangement, whereas high resolution 2D WAXD patterns were obtained simultaneously at the same position during deformation of polymers. The combined techniques yielded complementary information on the molecular structural evolution in both crystalline and amorphous phases. 2D WAXD results showed that the ␣-form iPP crystals were converted into the mesophase upon stretching at room temperature. Corresponding Raman spectra showed that characteristic bands from the crystal phase became weaker or disappeared during the transition from the crystal phase to the mesophase. However, the bands associated with the helical structure were still present, indicating the remainder of the helical conformation in the mesomorphic phase. The persistence of the Raman band at 812 cm Ϫ1 in the mesophase implied that the structural difference between the crystal phase and the mesophase in iPP is due to the packing defects, rather than the conformational deviations from the ͑•••TGTG•••͒ sequence in chains. The variations in the Raman intensity ratio (I812/I843) indicated that the overall orientation of the fiber increased during stretching. The demonstrated techniques will be particularly useful for in situ studies of anisotropic polymers, where orientational dependent structural information from both crystalline and amorphous phases needs to be collected simultaneously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined techniques of Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron two-dimensional x-ray diffraction for in situ study of anisotropic system: Example of polymer fibers under deformation

Ran

Fang

Šics

et al. 2003

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Upper: PVE vinyl overtone band (1837 cm K1 ) and PI methylene out of plane stretch (2724 cm K1 ); lower: out of plane deformation of PI vinyl carbon (837 cm K1 ) and out of plane deformation of PVE vinyl carbon (909 cm K1 ). Assignments from Ref [31][32][33][34][35]…”

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confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous networks of polyisoprene/polyvinylethylene

Wang

Roland

2005

Polymer

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“…The three diene bands, the calibration marker and the other Raman (CCH) quadrant stretching band at 1584 cm 1 occur within an 80 cm 1 range, and a commercially available curve analysis package, LabCalc, 21 was employed which enabled the resolution of the bands in the predetermined spectral region to be effected and band areas determined. The measured band areas are proportional to the species concentration 11,22 and since all three types of microstructure have active (C C) Raman bands in the spectral region under investigation, the ratio of the measured area of species x, [A x ], to the total area of the band envelope, [A tot ], represents the percentage composition of the three diene species in the polymer sample:…”

Section: Quantification Of Butadiene-terminated Oligostyrenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of diene-terminated polystyrene oligomers

Ward

Edwards

Johnson

2005

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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Polystyrene oligomers capped with a known number of butadiene or isoprene units were synthesized by 'living' anionic polymerization in cyclohexane. The FT-Raman spectra of these compounds show small but significant differences in n(C C) wavenumber position depending on whether just a single unit or several units of the diene are present at the chain end. However, if the butadiene experiments are repeated under polar-modified conditions, so that 1,2-rather than 1,4-addition takes place, the n(C C) Raman band position is found to be independent of the number of 'out-of-chain' vinyl double bonds which are present. This conclusion is explained in terms of the mass change on diene addition to the polymer chains. Application of the method for the quantitation of polymer chain-end diene termination is proposed.

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The Raman Spectra of Polybutadiene Rubbers

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Combined techniques of Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron two-dimensional x-ray diffraction for in situ study of anisotropic system: Example of polymer fibers under deformation

Combined techniques of Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron two-dimensional x-ray diffraction for in situ study of anisotropic system: Example of polymer fibers under deformation

Heterogeneous networks of polyisoprene/polyvinylethylene

Synthesis and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of diene-terminated polystyrene oligomers

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