The Rape Victim in the Emergency Ward

Aw, Burgess; Ll, Holmstrom

doi:10.1097/00000446-197310000-00024

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The present findings may also explicate the widely reported tendency (Burgess and Holmstrom, 1973;Brownmiller, 1975) of many police, medical, and mental health personnel to disbelieve and fail t o support rape victims, especially as less clear proof of violent force is available. One might expect, for example, that sex-role awareness training might alter the typical nonsupp ortive reaction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Attributions About Rape: Effects of Rapist Force, Observer Sex and Sex Role Attitudes

Krulewitz

Payne

1978

J Applied Social Pyschol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study investigated subjects' perceptions of a hypothetical rape situation as a function of the amount of force used in the rape, sex of subject, and subjects' attitudes toward feminism. Two hundred thirty-two subjects (1 18 females, 114 males) were randomly assigned by sex to one of three force conditions. Consistent with expectation, subjects expressed greater certainty that a rape had actually occurred with increased force on the part of the assailant (p < .OOl). A second hypothesis received partial support: Increasing force led to stronger attributions of rape on the part of traditional women, whereas liberal women tended to see the incident as rape at all force levels. A similar relationship did not emerge for men, however. As predicted, profeminist subjects implicated societal factors as causal in rape to a greater extent than did nonfeminists. Contrary to prediction, however, pro-and nonfeminists were not found t o differ from each other in the degree of blame attributed t o either the victim or the assailant. The findings support the general notion that one's gender and sex-role attitudes as well as the degree of force used by a rape assailant affect one's evaluation of this situation and the manner in which one attributes cause. Implications for rape prevention and victim reaction are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Attributions About Rape: Effects of Rapist Force, Observer Sex and Sex Role Attitudes

Krulewitz

Payne

1978

J Applied Social Pyschol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The finding that persons share a degree of uncertainty about what comprises rape is meaningful, although certainly not novel (Burgess & Holmstrom, 1973;Holmstrom & Burgess, 1978;Knilewitz & Payne, 1978). The rape outcome manipulation was clearly effective in that the two outcomes produced strong main effects for "rape" and for "years of imprisonment" questions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rape victim resistance, assault outcome, and sex of observer on attributions about rape

Krulewitz

Nash²

1979

Journal of Personality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perceptions of sexual assault were investigated as a function of sex of observer, nature of victim resistance, and assault outcome. Two hundred twenty-nine subjects were randomly assigned by sex to six resistance x outcome conditions. Hypotheses that women and men apply sex-role stereotypes in evaluating the rape situation were supported: (a) subjects were more certain that rape had occurred as the victim resisted more; (b) subjects attributed greater responsibility to the victim for completed that for attempted rape, while the reverse pattern was found for the assailant; (c) women attributed more responsibility to the assailant than did men; and (d) men attributed less fault and more intelligence, and women attributed more fault and less intelligence to the rape victim as she resisted more forcefully. Attributional terms; fault, blame, and responsibility were found not to be interchangeable. Rape attributions are discussed within the contexts of identification with victim's situation and perceptions of victim's control. Implications for choice of self-defense strategy and treatment of rape victims are also considered.

show abstract

“…Blaming the victim is extremely common in cases of sexual assault (Burgess & Holmstrom, 1973;Holmstrom & Burgess, 1978) and is exacerbated by a number of factors. For example, Klemmack and Klemmack (1976) presented women with descriptions of situations that met the legal definition of rape and that varied with respect to the level of acquaintance between the victim and the assailant.…”

Section: Victim Attributions About Sexual Coercionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors, Self‐Attributions, and Adjustment Problems Among Victims of Sexual Coercion¹

Mynatt

Allgeier

1990

J Applied Social Pyschol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

College women (N= 125) were surveyed about their experiences with sexual coercion. Forty‐two percent of the sample reported one or more coercive incidents involving completed intercourse (26%) or attempted intercourse (16%). Only 6% of these incidents were reported to police or campus authorities. Of the victims, 92% knew their assailants, at least casually. A combination of demographic, sexual history, and personality characteristics predicted 21 % of the variance in experience with sexual coercion. The variables most highly associated with reported victimization were frequency of sexual activity and religiosity; women who were more sexually active and who attended religious services less often were more likely to report experiencing sexual coercion than were women who were less sexually active and who attended religious services more often. A combination of situational and attitudinal variables predicted 52% of the variance in victim attributions. The variables most highly correlated with attributions were degree of victim assertiveness and the type of force used by the assailant; less assertive women and women who had been coerced by the use of economic or psychological force made relatively more internal attributions about the coercion incidents they had been involved in than did women who were more assertive and women who had been coerced by means of physical force. Finally, a combination of situational and attitudinal variables predicted 34% of the variance in victim‐reported adjustment problems following the coercion incident. The use of economic or psychological force, greater physical injury, and relative acceptance of interpersonal violence were associated with more severe adjustment problems, whereas the use of physical force, less physical injury, and relative rejection of interpersonal violence were associated with less severe adjustment problems. The implications of these results for the reduction of acquaintance assault and for the counseling of victims are discussed.

show abstract

The Rape Victim in the Emergency Ward

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Attributions About Rape: Effects of Rapist Force, Observer Sex and Sex Role Attitudes

Attributions About Rape: Effects of Rapist Force, Observer Sex and Sex Role Attitudes

Effects of rape victim resistance, assault outcome, and sex of observer on attributions about rape

Risk Factors, Self‐Attributions, and Adjustment Problems Among Victims of Sexual Coercion¹

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Rape Victim in the Emergency Ward

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Attributions About Rape: Effects of Rapist Force, Observer Sex and Sex Role Attitudes

Attributions About Rape: Effects of Rapist Force, Observer Sex and Sex Role Attitudes

Effects of rape victim resistance, assault outcome, and sex of observer on attributions about rape

Risk Factors, Self‐Attributions, and Adjustment Problems Among Victims of Sexual Coercion1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Risk Factors, Self‐Attributions, and Adjustment Problems Among Victims of Sexual Coercion¹