2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.04.004
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The rare HLA-DQA1*03-DQB1*02 haplotype confers susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in whites and is preferentially associated with early clinical disease onset in male subjects

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Cited by 23 publications
(22 citation statements)
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References 39 publications
(28 reference statements)
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“…We have previously examined celiac disease and the risk of type 1 DM (23) in this cohort. After excluding the first year after celiac disease diagnosis, the risk of later DM in individuals with celiac disease (and no prior DM) was similar to that in any HLA-DQ2-positive individual (29). Considering that a vast majority of individuals with celiac disease are HLA DQ2 positive (28), we suggest that shared HLA is a plausible explanation also for the increased risk of thyroid disease in celiac disease.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 60%
“…We have previously examined celiac disease and the risk of type 1 DM (23) in this cohort. After excluding the first year after celiac disease diagnosis, the risk of later DM in individuals with celiac disease (and no prior DM) was similar to that in any HLA-DQ2-positive individual (29). Considering that a vast majority of individuals with celiac disease are HLA DQ2 positive (28), we suggest that shared HLA is a plausible explanation also for the increased risk of thyroid disease in celiac disease.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 60%
“…ICA were determined by indirect immunofluorescence, IA-2A, GADA and IAA by liquid-phase radiobinding assays and HLA DQ polymorphisms by allele-specific oligonucleotide genotyping as described previously [21,36,37] [22]. HbA1c and random plasma levels of glucose, proinsulin and C-peptide were determined as before [28].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Approximately one-third of all HLA-DQ2-positive individuals with type 1 diabetes express tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (8). HLA-DQ2 is a positive risk factor for type 1 diabetes (odds ratio 3.5 in European whites) (38); therefore, the increased risk of type 1 diabetes in celiac disease could be entirely attributable to the HLA characteristics of these individuals. In fact, our risk estimate for subsequent type 1 diabetes is lower than expected, considering that 95% of individuals with celiac disease express HLA-DQ2 (37).…”
Section: Power Calculationmentioning
confidence: 99%