The rare manifestations in tuberculous meningoencephalitis: a review of available literature

Abstract

Aim: Tuberculous meningitis is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). It mainly involves the meninges and brain parenchyma, as well as the spinal cord and meninges; Disability and mortality rates are high. In recent years, due to the increase of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients, population mobility and the prevalence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the incidence rate of tuberculosis has increased significantly, and tuberculous meningitis has also increased. Methods: At present, tuberculosis is still a worldwide infectious disease that seriously threatens human health, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. China is the largest developing country in the world with a large population. Results: The situation of tuberculosis prevention and control is grim. Its disability rate is the highest in tuberculosis infection. In addition to the common non-specific manifestations, tuberculous meningoencephalitis may also have rare manifestations of stroke, hearing loss and visual loss. Conclusion: Understanding and timely improvement of corresponding examinations and targeted treatment will help improve the prognosis of patients.

Rehabilitation of a rare presentation of tuberculous meningoencephalitis: a case report

“…4 It is one of the most serious manifestations of tuberculosis infection, with one of the highest disability rates. 5 Fever, headache, nausea with or without vomiting and altered consciousness and mental state are the most common manifestations. Rarely, TBM can be associated with other manifestations that seriously affect the patient's prognosis, including cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracranial vein thrombosis.…”

Tuberculosis miliar con compromiso meningovascular

“…7 En este caso paciente presentó tos seca, con hipoxemia sin dolor torácico. Los signos y síntomas de afectación hepática, incluyen, dolor abdominal difuso, vómitos, diarrea y patrón colestásico, en raras ocasiones puede producirse una insuficiencia hepática fulminante 8 , pero nuestro paciente no presentó problemas a nivel gastrointestinal ni hepático. Las lesiones a nivel de SNC pueden ocurrir de forma difusa en todo el cerebro, a diferencia del compromiso meníngeo que, debido a la inflamación aguda, produce constricción de arterias, provocando infartos y trombosis a nivel paraventriculares, ganglios de la base y capsula interna.…”

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in central nervous system tuberculosis: A pictorial review

“…This occurs due to intraventricular rupture of infective focus [ 37 ]. Choroid plexitis may be seen as hyperenhancement and exudates in the choroid plexus [ 38 ]. Exudates along the vessels result in vasculitis and infarcts.…”