The Rate and Outcome of Sinonasal Disease in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency; Tertiary Hospital Experience

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the rate, characteristics and outcome of sinonasal disease (SD) among primary immune compromised (PID) pediatric patients.Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study. All pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency aged 18 years or less of both genders, had otorhinolaryngology (ORL) encounter or sinus CT at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh between January 2015 and December 2020 were included.Results: 123 pediatric patients diagnosed with PID between 2015 and 2020. 9 patients were diagnosed with sinonasal disease. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is the most common type of SD (66.66%). No significant association was found between having SD and bone marrow transplantation (P=0.424). Sinus CT Lund Mackay score was significantly higher in SD (p = 0.005). Endoscopic sinus surgery was carried in 44.44% of patients. 90% were alive and stable by the end of the study. Conclusion:In conclusion, sinonasal disease constitute major risk of morbidity as well as for mortality in immunocompromised patients. Thus, early detection with high threshold of suspicion should be considered in this critical population.