The rate of accumulation of cadmium and uranium in a long-term grazed pasture: implications for soil quality

McDowell, R. W.

doi:10.1080/00288233.2012.662901

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We measured a lower concentration of Cd in irrigated soil compared to unirrigated soil (0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m), which had a mean of 0.04 mg kg −1 less Cd (depth of 0-0.1 m). Our results were consistent with findings at the flood-irrigated Winchmore site where there was a difference of about 0.07 mg kg −1 in the top 0-0.075 m (McDowell, 2012). Because of 0.04 mg kg −1 of average difference between irrigated and unirrigated soils (depth of 0-0.1 m) which was 13 times greater than the standard deviation (0.003 mg kg −1 ), the calculated losses of Cd were greater than the associated measurement error.…”

Section: Cadmium Phosphorus and Uranium Concentration And Total Masssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The concentration of Cd in irrigated topsoils (0-0.075 m) of the Winchmore research farm in New Zealand (Lismore stony silt loam) was less than in non-irrigated topsoils (McDowell, 2012). Furthermore, at Winchmore, the concentration of Cd at depths of 0.075-0.15 and 0.15-0.30 m in irrigated soils was higher than in non-irrigated soils suggesting movement of Cd down the soil profile (McDowell, 2012). However, the Winchmore trial was flood irrigated and therefore may not be representative of the expanding area of pastures irrigated by overhead sprinklers in New Zealand (about 74% of NZ irrigated pastures are now being sprinkler irrigated) (Heiler, 2008;Irrigation New Zealand, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The majority of these previous studies were conducted on unirrigated lands and there is some evidence that increased water application through irrigation might increase Cd movement through topsoil due to increased infiltration (McLeod et al, 2015). The concentration of Cd in irrigated topsoils (0-0.075 m) of the Winchmore research farm in New Zealand (Lismore stony silt loam) was less than in non-irrigated topsoils (McDowell, 2012). Furthermore, at Winchmore, the concentration of Cd at depths of 0.075-0.15 and 0.15-0.30 m in irrigated soils was higher than in non-irrigated soils suggesting movement of Cd down the soil profile (McDowell, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of irrigation on cadmium, uranium, and phosphorus contents in agricultural soils

Salmanzadeh

Schipper

Balks

et al. 2017

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal which has accumulated in New Zealand agricultural soils due to phosphate fertilizer application. Understanding the contribution of plant uptake or leaching of Cd to observed Cd losses from soil is important. The concentration and distribution of Cd in irrigated and unirrigated soils with the same phosphate fertilizer history were investigated. Twenty-two pairs of soil samples from four depths (0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3 and 0.3-0.4 m) were taken from irrigated and unirrigated areas in the same field on dairy farms in three regions of New Zealand. The mean concentration of Cd at depths of 0-0.1 m and 0.1-0.2 m, as well as the cumulative masses of Cd (0-0.2, 0-0.3 and 0-0.4 m) in unirrigated soils were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in irrigated soils. The concentration of phosphorus (P) at all depths (except for 0.2-0.3 m), as well as the cumulative mass of P in all depths of unirrigated soils, was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) than irrigated soils. However, no significant difference was detected in the concentrations of uranium (U) between irrigated and unirrigated soils. Irrigation induced a ∼7% Cd loss from topsoil (0-0.1 m), with the average rate of Cd loss from the top 0.1 m (due to irrigation) being 2.3 g ha −1 yr −1 . This study therefore confirms that irrigation can enhance Cd mobilization, however Cd is mainly adsorbed to the surface soil.

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Section: Cadmium Phosphorus and Uranium Concentration And Total Masssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of irrigation on cadmium, uranium, and phosphorus contents in agricultural soils

Salmanzadeh

Schipper

Balks

et al. 2017

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…Soil samples for analysis were taken annually to 7.5 cm depth. Details of these samples and the main results from these soil samples are presented elsewhere (McDowell 2012;McDowell & Condron 2012).…”

Section: Measurements and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasture production from a long-term fertiliser trial under irrigation

Smith

Moss

Morton³

et al. 2012

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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New Zealand pastoral farming has benefited greatly from the application of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) fertilisers supplied in the main by superphosphate (SSP). The long-term fertiliser trial at Winchmore, mid-Canterbury, New Zealand was set up in 1952 and has yielded a wealth of data on the effect of fertiliser, grazing by sheep and flood irrigation on pasture production. The trial was initially (1952Á1958) designed to measure the effect of no fertiliser and SSP applied each year at 188, 376 and 564 kg ha . The cessation of fertiliser decreased clover content and increased the proportion of weeds and low-fertility grasses. The decline in production once fertiliser application ceased followed a curvilinear pattern, but never reached the low production of the no fertiliser treatments even after 20 years. In 1980, the residual treatments were changed to compare a reactive phosphate rock (RPR)/S treatment as well as an intermediate (250 kg (1 y (1 treatments have shown that without any nitrogen fertiliser, ryegrass and clover will persist in irrigated pastures and result in high levels of pasture production (11Á12 t ha

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“…McDowell (2012) found that at the same rate of SSP applications, Cd was enriched in dryland compared with irrigated topsoil, but leached down the soil profile in relation to the frequency of irrigation. Moreover, there was a suggestion that the rate of Cd accumulation had reached a plateau and hence, under the system used at Winchmore, topsoil Cd concentrations were unlikely to exceed the soil trigger value highlighted in the New Zealand Cd management strategy of 1 mg Cd per kg soil.…”

Section: Editorial the Winchmore Trialsmentioning

confidence: 94%