The rate of supernovae at redshift 0.1–1.0

Melinder, Jens; Dahlén, T.; Trinchant, L. Mencía; Östlin, Göran; Mattila, S.; Sollerman, J.; Fransson, Claes; Hayes, Matthew; Kankare, E.; Nasoudi-Shoar, S.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219364

Cited by 54 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…At lower redshifts we include measurements from Cappellaro et al (2015). At the higher redshifts range, (z 0.4), fewer results exists; these are Subaru Deep Field (SDF) at z = 0.66 (Graur et al 2011), the Stockholm VIMOS Supernova Survey (SVISS) at z = 0.39 and z = 0.73 (Melinder et al 2012), and the combined rates from GOODS+CANDELS+CLASH survey at z = 0.3, z = 0.7, z = 1.5, z = 1.9 and z = 2.3 (Dahlen et al 2004Strolger et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mattila et al 2012). Using ground-based facilities, only a few surveys have been able to measure CC SN rates beyond z 0.4 (Graur et al 2011;Melinder et al 2012). An advance in redshift was provided by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) by extending the CC SN rates measurements up to z ≈ 2.5 (Dahlen et al 2004Strolger et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnification power of galaxy clusters can be used as gravitational telescopes to enhance survey depth (Narasimha & Chitre 1988;Kovner & Paczynski 1988;Kolatt & Bartelmann 1998;Porciani & Madau 2000;Gunnarsson & Goobar 2003). Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound objects in the Universe, distorting and magnifying objects behind them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-redshift supernova rates measured with the gravitational telescope A 1689

Petrushevska

Amanullah

Goobar

et al. 2016

A&A

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Aims. We present a ground-based, near-infrared search for lensed supernovae behind the massive cluster Abell 1689 at z = 0.18, which is one of the most powerful gravitational telescopes that nature provides. Methods. Our survey was based on multi-epoch J-band observations with the HAWK-I instrument on VLT, with supporting optical data from the Nordic Optical Telescope. Results. Our search resulted in the discovery of five photometrically classified, core-collapse supernovae with high redshifts of 0.671 < z < 1.703 and magnifications in the range ∆m = −0.31 to −1.58 mag, as calculated from lensing models in the literature. Owing to the power of the lensing cluster, the survey had the sensitivity to detect supernovae up to very high redshifts, z ∼ 3, albeit for a limited region of space. We present a study of the core-collapse supernova rates for 0.4 ≤ z < 2.9, and find good agreement with previous estimates and predictions from star formation history. During our survey, we also discovered two Type Ia supernovae in A 1689 cluster members, which allowed us to determine the cluster Ia rate to be 0.14,B yr −1 ), where the error bars indicate 1σ confidence intervals, statistical and systematic, respectively. The cluster rate normalized by the stellar mass is 0.10. Furthermore, we explore the optimal future survey for improving the core-collapse supernova rate measurements at z 2 using gravitational telescopes, and for detections with multiply lensed images, and we find that the planned WFIRST space mission has excellent prospects. Conclusions. Massive clusters can be used as gravitational telescopes to significantly expand the survey range of supernova searches, with important implications for the study of the high-z transient Universe.Key words. supernovae: general -gravitational lensing: strong -galaxies: star formation -galaxies: clusters

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-redshift supernova rates measured with the gravitational telescope A 1689

Petrushevska

Amanullah

Goobar

et al. 2016

A&A

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“…The observational data used for both sets of constraints are the r-band LF of Blanton et al (2005), the BHB relation given by Häring & Rix (2004) and Sani et al (2010), and the compilation of rates for both SNe Ia and SNe CC given by Melinder et al (2012). In the second set of constraints, we also consider the [α/Fe] ratio of elliptical galaxies presented in Thomas et al (2010, T10 hereafter).…”

Section: Observational Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoarchaeological downsizing in a hierarchical universe: impact of a top-heavy IGIMF

Gargiulo¹,

Cora²,

Padilla³

et al. 2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We make use of a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation to investigate the origin of the observed correlation between [α/Fe] abundance ratios and stellar mass in elliptical galaxies. We implement a new galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function (Top Heavy Integrated Galaxy Initial Mass Function, TH-IGIMF) in the semi-analytic model SAG and evaluate its impact on the chemical evolution of galaxies. The SFR-dependence of the slope of the TH-IGIMF is found to be key to reproducing the correct [α/Fe]-stellar mass relation. Massive galaxies reach higher [α/Fe] abundance ratios because they are characterized by more top-heavy IMFs as a result of their higher SFR. As a consequence of our analysis, the value of the minimum embedded star cluster mass and of the slope of the embedded cluster mass function, which are free parameters involved in the TH-IGIMF theory, are found to be as low as 5 M ⊙ and 2, respectively. A mild downsizing trend is present for galaxies generated assuming either a universal IMF or a variable TH-IGIMF. We find that, regardless of galaxy mass, older galaxies (with formation redshifts 2) are formed in shorter time-scales ( 2 Gyr), thus achieving larger [α/Fe] values. Hence, the time-scale of galaxy formation alone cannot explain the slope of the [α/Fe]-galaxy mass relation, but is responsible for the big dispersion of [α/Fe] abundance ratios at fixed stellar mass. We further test the hyphothesis of a TH-IGIMF in elliptical galaxies by looking into mass-to-light ratios, and luminosity functions. Models with a TH-IGIMF are also favoured by these constraints. In particular, mass-to-light ratios agree with observed values for massive galaxies while being overpredicted for less massive ones; this overprediction is present regardless of the IMF considered.

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“…Volumetric SN Ia rates before completion of the CANDELS and CLASH SN surveys. Assorted ground-based surveys are plotted as white circles (Blanc et al 2004;Botticella et al 2008;Cappellaro et al 1999;Dilday et al 2010;Hardin et al 2000;Horesh et al 2008;Graur & Maoz 2013;Li et al 2011;Melinder et al 2012;Pain et al 2002;Perrett et al 2012;Rodney & Tonry 2010;Tonry et al 2003). Three high redshift SN surveys are highlighted: gray circles for the Subaru Deep Field (SDF; Graur et al 2011), blue downward triangles for volumetric (not cluster) rates from the Cluster Supernova Survey (CSS; Barbary et al 2012), and green upward triangles for the GOODS and PANS surveys (Dahlen et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENTS TO REDSHIFT 2.5 FROM CANDELS: SEARCHING FOR PROMPT EXPLOSIONS IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

et al. 2014

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The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) was a multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that surveyed a total area of ∼0.25 deg 2 with ∼900 HST orbits spread across five fields over three years. Within these survey images we discovered 65 supernovae (SNe) of all types, out to z ∼ 2.5. We classify ∼24 of these as Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) based on host galaxy redshifts and SN photometry (supplemented by grism spectroscopy of six SNe). Here we present a measurement of the volumetric SN Ia rate as a function of redshift, reaching for the first time beyond z = 2 and putting new constraints on SN Ia progenitor models. Our highest redshift bin includes detections of SNe that exploded when the universe was only ∼3 Gyr old and near the peak of the cosmic star formation history. This gives the CANDELS high redshift sample unique leverage for evaluating the fraction of SNe Ia that explode promptly after formation (<500 Myr). Combining the CANDELS rates with all available SN Ia rate measurements in the literature we find that this prompt SN Ia fraction is f P = 0.53 ±0.09 stat0.10 ±0.10 sys0.26 , consistent with a delay time distribution that follows a simple t −1 power law for all times t > 40 Myr. However, mild tension is apparent between ground-based low-z surveys and space-based high-z surveys. In both CANDELS and the sister HST program CLASH (Cluster Lensing And Supernova Survey with Hubble), we find a low rate of SNe Ia at z > 1. This could be a hint that prompt progenitors are in fact relatively rare, accounting for only 20% of all SN Ia explosions-though further analysis and larger samples will be needed to examine that suggestion.

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The rate of supernovae at redshift 0.1–1.0

Cited by 54 publications

References 91 publications

High-redshift supernova rates measured with the gravitational telescope A 1689

High-redshift supernova rates measured with the gravitational telescope A 1689

Chemoarchaeological downsizing in a hierarchical universe: impact of a top-heavy IGIMF

TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENTS TO REDSHIFT 2.5 FROM CANDELS: SEARCHING FOR PROMPT EXPLOSIONS IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

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