The ratio of males to females with literacy/learning disabilities: A survey of child and adult referrals

The Familial Incidence of Symptoms of Scotopic Sensitivity/Irlen Syndrome: Comparison of Referred and Mass-Screened Groups

“…Vogel (1990) made similar claims and cited evidence to suggest that teachers favoured referring males, even when females had identical learning problems. Stevens and De Mello (1993) also found twice as many boys referred to a school support centre, with a significantly greater percentage of boys referred for behaviour prob-lems, while Robinson (1997) found a male-female ratio for children malnly referred by schools of 2.2:1 and a ratio for adults who initiated their own referral of 1.2 : 1.…”

A history of learning difficulties Australia: Part five‐the journal (continued)

“…In a survey of child and adult referrals for literacy problems, Robinson (1997) found that the gender discrepancy was much larger among children (malefemale ratio of 2.2:1) compared to adults (male-female ratio of 1.2:1). Robinson suggested that the difference may be explained by a male tendency to react to learning difficulties with lowered self-esteem leading to disruptive behaviour, whereas females tend to withdraw and their problems are overlooked because they do not draw attention to themselves.…”