The rationale behind a vaccine based on multiple HIV antigens

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype Distribution in the Worldwide Epidemic: Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Implications

“…The first approach is based on using envelope molecules from different HIV-1 subtypes in order to induce antibodies with a broader breadth of neutralizing activities (15,24,25,49,111,112,115). The second approach is based on computer-derived sequences ("consensus sequences") generated by aligning circulating primary isolates and selecting the most common nucleotide at each position.…”

HIV-1 Tat-Based Vaccines: An Overview and Perspectives in the Field of HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development

“…The induction of immune responses against multiple targets of the HIV proteome may indeed be more adequate for the generation of protective T cell responses in outbred populations with diverse MHC genes and may likely restrict opportunities for the selection of viral escape mutations. Within this frame several multi-component vaccines containing Tat have been tested in mice and in non-human primates [6,93, and http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/vaccine/home.html] using recombinant proteins, DNA, viral vectors, different adjuvants, vaccine doses, vaccination schedules, and routes of administration and are shown to be safe, highly immunogenic, and effective in control of SIV or SHIV infection in macaques as recently reviewed [4]. However, it is often difficult to evaluate the effect of Tat and/or of each single antigen included in these vaccine formulations as, in most of the reported studies, a comparative analysis of the vaccine's immunogenicity and efficacy, with and without Tat or each individual antigen, is not described.…”

“…Hence, new experiments are evaluating the performance of intradermal delivery combined to electroporation [245]. Another promising multigene, multiclade HIV-1 DNA vaccine approach based on intramuscular or intradermal co-injection of several DNA plasmids encoding either early and late HIV-1 genes of different clades, with or without recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor, has been described by other researchers [91,93,262]. These strategies have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and effective in animal models [93,247] and safe and highly immunogenic in humans especially when using a DNA prime/MVA boost regimen [262].…”

“…Another promising multigene, multiclade HIV-1 DNA vaccine approach based on intramuscular or intradermal co-injection of several DNA plasmids encoding either early and late HIV-1 genes of different clades, with or without recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor, has been described by other researchers [91,93,262]. These strategies have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and effective in animal models [93,247] and safe and highly immunogenic in humans especially when using a DNA prime/MVA boost regimen [262]. Altogether, the experimental evidence indicates that multigene and multiclade HIV strategies are promising and feasible in terms of safety and immunogenicity without significant antigen interference, and deserve further attention to improve the dose, route, and vaccination protocols for best effectiveness.…”

Immunization with a multisubunit vaccine considerably reduces establishment of infective larvae in a rodent model of Brugia malayi

“…Thus in iPGM + TPP and Myosin + TPP immunized animals immune response functions at different layers. This is similar to HIV-1 infection where an attractive vaccine strategy is to design a composition of immunogens that targets several viral components including the full structural and regulatory proteins as well as the viral enzymes [46]. However, combination of myosin and iPGM could neither provoke enhanced immune response nor could noticeably protect the immunized animals against L3 challenge.…”