The Rauenberg fossil Lagerstätte (Baden-Württemberg, Germany): A window into early Oligocene marine and coastal ecosystems of Central Europe

Maxwell, Erin E.; Alexander, Stefanie; Bechly, Günter; Eck, Kristina; Frey, Eberhard; Grimm, Kirsten I.; Kovar-Eder, Johanna; Mayr, Gérald; Micklich, Norbert; Rasser, Michael W.; Roth‐Nebelsick, Anita; Salvador, Rodrigo B.; Schoch, Rainer R.; Schweigert, Günter; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Wolf-Schwenninger, Karin; Ziegler, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.002

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Oligocene fish-bearing deposits are known from the Central Europe (e.g., Leriche 1910;Weiler 1928Weiler , 1955Théobald 1934;Pharisat 1991;Pharisat & Micklich 1998;Hovestadt et al 2010;Maxwell et al 2016;Gaudant et al 2018), Alpine region (e.g., Wettstein 1886;Weiler 1932;Fröhlicher & Weiler 1952;Pictet et al 2013;Pandolfi et al 2017), Carpathians (e.g., Constantin 1999Kotlarczyk et al 2006;Gregorová 2011;Přikryl 2013;Baciu et al 2016;Bordeianu et al 2018;Přikryl & Carnevale 2018) and Caucasus (e.g., Bannikov 2010). All these Oligocene fish assemblages document freshwater, paralic and shallow and deep marine settings not associated to coral reefs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rupelian Coral Reef Fish Assemblage From the Venetian Southern Alps (Berici Hills, Ne Italy)

Marramà

Giusberti

Carnevale

2022

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Here we describe a new bony fish assemblage collected from a fossiliferous outcrop located in Perarolo, Berici Hills, Venetian southern Alps. The fossiliferous deposits pertain to the Rupelian (lower Oligocene) Castelgomberto Calcarenite and are indicative of a tropical marine shallow water setting associated with coral reefs. The assemblage is characterized by diminutive putative cryptobenthic fishes, including a single goby (family Gobiidae) and several cardinalfishes of the subfamily Pseudmiinae (family Apogonidae. Furthermore, a new apogonine of the extinct tribe †Eoapogonini, a new butteflyfish (family Chaetodontidae), and an indeterminate viviparous brotula belonging to the ophidiiform family Dinematichthyidae, are also present, and likely represented part of the epibenthic community. Some of the taxa described herein are among the first occurrences for their respective lineages in the fossil record. The Perarolo taxa document the first Oligocene coral reef fish assemblage known to date. Four taxa are described as new: †Arconiapogon deangelii gen. et sp. n., †Chaetodon (Blumchaetodon) wattsi subgen. et sp. n., †Oligopseudamia iancurtisi gen. et sp. n., and †Oniketia akihitoi gen. et sp. n.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rupelian Coral Reef Fish Assemblage From the Venetian Southern Alps (Berici Hills, Ne Italy)

Marramà

Giusberti

Carnevale

2022

RIPS

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“…Recognition of a small sparrowhawk-like raptor in the Rupelian of Poland is notable, because early Oligocene avifaunas of Europe include the earliest fossil records of both passerines and modern-type hummingbirds (Bochenski et al 2013 ; Maxwell et al 2016 ). The Eocene/Oligocene boundary marks an important faunal turnover in Europa known as the “Grande Coupure,” which was due to the closure of the Turgai Strait, a seaway separating Europe and Asia in the early Paleogene (Mayr 2009 , 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tiny, long-legged raptor from the early Oligocene of Poland may be the earliest bird-eating diurnal bird of prey

Mayr

Hurum

2020

Sci Nat

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We report a small hawk-like diurnal bird from the early Oligocene (30–31 million years ago) of Poland. Aviraptor longicrus, n. gen. et sp. is of a size comparable with the smallest extant Accipitridae. The new species is characterized by very long legs, which, together with the small size, suggest an avivorous (bird-eating) feeding behavior. Overall, the new species resembles extant sparrowhawks (Accipiter spp.) in the length proportions of the major limb bones, even though some features indicate that it convergently acquired an Accipiter-like morphology. Most specialized avivores amongst extant accipitrids belong to the taxon Accipiter and predominantly predate small forest passerines; the smallest Accipiter species also hunts hummingbirds. Occurrence of a possibly avivorous raptor in the early Oligocene of Europe is particularly notable because A. longicrus coexisted with the earliest Northern Hemispheric passerines and modern-type hummingbirds. We therefore hypothesize that the diversification of these birds towards the early Oligocene may have triggered the evolution of small-sized avivorous raptors, and the new fossil may exemplify one of the earliest examples of avian predator/prey coevolution.

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“…Paleoclimate interpretations from the Ruby paleoflora show Fossil Basin as a seasonally arid, high-altitude (~ 2500 m) temperate scrubland at the beginning of the Oligocene [22]. This setting is a strong contrast from the tropical-subtropical lowland settings in which other Z ygodactylus species have been preserved [27], and suggests that zygodactylids were not restricted to relictual tropical habitats following Late Eocene global cooling. Zygodactylid extinction may be expected to be explained by more complex factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new zygodactylid species indicates the persistence of stem passerines into the early Oligocene in North America

2019

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BackgroundThe lake deposits of the informal Ruby Paper Shale unit, part of the Renova Formation of Montana, have yielded abundant plant fossils that document Late Eocene – Early Oligocene global cooling in western North America. A nearly complete small bird with feather impressions was recovered from this unit in in 1959, but has only been informally mentioned.ResultsHere we describe this fossil and identify it as a new species of Zygodactylus, a stem lineage passerine with a zygodactyl foot. The new taxon shows morphological traits that are convergent on crown Passeriformes, including an elongate hallux, reduced body size, and a comparative shortening of proximal limb elements. The fossil documents the persistence of this lineage into the earliest Oligocene (~ 33 Ma) in North America. It is the latest occurring North American species of a group that persists in Europe until the Miocene.ConclusionsEocene-Oligocene global cooling is known to have significantly remodeled both Palearctic and Nearctic mammal faunas but its impact on related avifaunas has remained poorly understood. The geographic and temporal range expansion provided by the new taxon together with avian other taxa with limited fossil records suggests a similar pattern of retraction in North America followed by Europe.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1319-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The Rauenberg fossil Lagerstätte (Baden-Württemberg, Germany): A window into early Oligocene marine and coastal ecosystems of Central Europe

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

A Rupelian Coral Reef Fish Assemblage From the Venetian Southern Alps (Berici Hills, Ne Italy)

A Rupelian Coral Reef Fish Assemblage From the Venetian Southern Alps (Berici Hills, Ne Italy)

A tiny, long-legged raptor from the early Oligocene of Poland may be the earliest bird-eating diurnal bird of prey

A new zygodactylid species indicates the persistence of stem passerines into the early Oligocene in North America

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