The Rb1 fraction of ginseng elicits a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response

Rivera, E.; Pettersson, Frida Ekholm; Inganäs, M.; Paulie, Staffan; Grönvik, Kjell-Olov

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.04.007

Cited by 95 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Actions on the cholinergic and neurotrophic systems (Salim et al, 1997) Eliciting a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response (Rivera et al, 2005) Possibly by scavenging free radicals (Lim et al, 1997) Lower TG levels via cAMP-production in liver through its metabolite compound K (Park et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2005b) Increasing LH secretion but independent of direct estrogen receptor association (Tsai et al, 2003;Cho et al, 2004) Vascular permeability-inhibitory Increase in mucus secretion (Jeong et al, 2003) Regulation of COX-2 produced by macrophage cells and interferon-gamma and IL-4 induced by Th cells Inhibits lung tumor metastasis; and inhibits tumor associated angiogenesis (Sato et al, 2004) Enhances epidermal cell proliferation; up-regulates the expressions of proliferation-related factors (Choi, 2002) Stimulates the secretion of urokinase-type PA (uPA) (Liu, et al, 2003) Possibly as a non-competitive antagonist (Xu et al, 2005b) Induces c-Fos expression (Lee et al, 2003) Modulates NMDA receptor subunit mRNA levels (Kim et al, 2000) Attenuates free-radical-induced damage (Yokozawa et al, 2004) Via Akt-dependent inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway (Min et al, 2006) Angiosuppressive activity; inhibits the proliferation of HUVEC; suppresses the capillary tube formation of HUVEC Possibly through down-regulation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors (Keum et al, 2003) Inhibits proliferation of cancer cells; modulates three modules of MAP kinases Inhibits the activation of AP-1 and protein kinase A pathway …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials

Xiang¹,

Shang²,

Gao³

et al. 2008

Phytotherapy Research

261

155

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Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a well-known medicinal herb native to China and Korea, and has been used as a herbal remedy in eastern Asia for thousands of years. However, there is different evidence of ginseng efficacy between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials. In TCM, ginseng is a highly valued herb and has been applied to a variety of pathological conditions and illnesses such as hypodynamia, anorexia, shortness of breath, palpitation, insomnia, impotence, hemorrhage and diabetes. Modern pharmacological experiments have proved that ginseng possesses multiple constituents (ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, polyacetylenic alcohols, etc.) and actions (central nervous system effects, neuroprotective effect, immunomodulation, anticancer, etc.), ginsenosides as the active ingredients, especially, having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic and immunostimulant properties. Recently, ginseng has been studied in a number of randomized controlled trials investigating its effect mainly on physical and psychomotor performance, cognitive function, immunomodulation, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, as well as adverse effects. Equivocal results have been demonstrated for many of these indications. Because of the poor quality of most clinical trials on ginseng, reliable clinical data in humans are still lacking. Therefore, a broader understanding of medical knowledge and reasoning on ginseng is necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials

Xiang¹,

Shang²,

Gao³

et al. 2008

Phytotherapy Research

261

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Rb1 fraction of ginseng elicits a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response. In a study conducted by Rivera et al(2005), porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccines containing Rb1 was evaluated for inducing Th1 or Th2 type of immunity in mice. Study revealed the production of large amounts of cytokines including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha and stimulated titers of antigen specific IgG1, IgG(2a) and IgG(2b).…”

Section: Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant effects of saponins on animal immune responses

Rajput

Xiao

et al. 2007

J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B

223

149

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Abstract:Vaccines require optimal adjuvants including immunopotentiator and delivery systems to offer long term protection from infectious diseases in animals and man. Initially it was believed that adjuvants are responsible for promoting strong and sustainable antibody responses. Now it has been shown that adjuvants influence the isotype and avidity of antibody and also affect the properties of cell-mediated immunity. Mostly oil emulsions, lipopolysaccharides, polymers, saponins, liposomes, cytokines, ISCOMs (immunostimulating complexes), Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, alums, bacterial toxins etc., are common adjuvants under investigation. Saponin based adjuvants have the ability to stimulate the cell mediated immune system as well as to enhance antibody production and have the advantage that only a low dose is needed for adjuvant activity. In the present study the importance of adjuvants, their role and the effect of saponin in immune system is reviewed.

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“…Recently, many reports put a high value on ginseng as immune modulator and adjuvant [9,10]. In 1991, we began treating HIV-1 infected patients with Korean red ginseng (KRG) for 6 months and observed that KRG-intake had various beneficial effects, including increases in CD4 and CD8 T cell counts [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage and Duration Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Intake on Frequency of Gross Deletions in the nef Gene

Cho¹,

Jung²

2010

Journal of Ginseng Research

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In the present study, we investigated whether a gross deletion in the nef gene (g∆nef) is induced by Korean red ginseng (KRG) intake. Ten patients were treated with KRG powder for 3 years in the absence of antiretroviral drug therapy. On average, 3,555 ± 1,042 g KRG was administered per person over 36.1±2.4 months. There was a mild decrease in CD4 T cell count (75 ± 110/mL) over the 36.1±2.4 months (p = 0.059). We obtained 355 nef amplicons using 71 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples over a 3-year period. All ten patients exhibited g∆nef (range, 3.2 to 45.9%). At baseline, 3 of 78 amplicons (3.8%) exhibited g∆nef, whereas 18.8% (52/277) revealed g∆nef during KRG-intake (p < 0.001). The proportion of g∆nef was significantly correlated with monthly dose of KRG (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). The median time for first detection of g∆nef was 13 months. In conclusion, our data show that g∆nef is inducible by KRG intake and its proportion is dependent on the duration of KRG intake and dose of KRG.

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The Rb1 fraction of ginseng elicits a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response

Cited by 95 publications

References 15 publications

A Comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials

A Comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials

Adjuvant effects of saponins on animal immune responses

Dosage and Duration Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Intake on Frequency of Gross Deletions in the nef Gene

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