The Re-Survey of Typhoon Effects on Jaluit Atoll in the Marshall Islands

Blumenstock, David I.; Fosberg, F. Raymond; Johnson, Cathleen

doi:10.1038/189618a0

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The rubble formations observed were mostly shore-parallel bars or ramparts, although there is some mention of gravel -tongues‖ in a study in the Marshall Islands following a typhoon [35]. Interestingly, a follow up report on the evolution of the Marshall Islands three years after the typhoon, discussed how the rubble has been reworked [36], in a similar way to what we propose in the present paper. Based on the observed topography and the results from the digital spatial analysis of the satellite imagery, a model for rubble feature evolution has been developed and shown schematically in Figure 5.…”

Section: Evolution Of Rubble Spitssupporting

confidence: 51%

Evolution of Coral Rubble Deposits on a Reef Platform as Detected by Remote Sensing

et al. 2012

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An investigation into the evolution of coral rubble deposits on a coral reef platform is assessed using high-resolution remote sensing data and geospatial analysis. Digital change detection analysis techniques are applied to One Tree Reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef by analysing aerial photographs and satellite images captured between 1964 and 2009. Two main types of rubble deposits were identified: (1) rubble flats that are featureless mass accumulations of coral rubble; and, (2) rubble spits that are shore-normal linear features. While both deposits prograde in a lagoon-ward direction, rubble spits move faster (~2 m/yr) than rubble flats (~0.5 m/yr). The volume of rubble, the underlying substrate, the energy regime, and storm frequency control the rate of progradation. Rubble flat occurrence is restricted to the high-energy (windward) margin of the coral reef platform, while rubble spits are distributed reef wide, both in modal high energy and modal low energy regions of the reef. Rubble spit deposition is considered to be a result of enlarged spur and groove morphology of the forereef, whereby wave energy is focused through the enlarged groove formations causing the preferential deposition of coral rubble in particular zones of the adjacent reef flat. One last control is thought to be the elevation of the reef crest whereby lower areas are more prone to rubble flat development. A vertical and ocean-ward accumulation of rubble is occurring on the windward margin of the reef leading to a build-up and build-out of the reef, governing the expansion of the reef footprint. This study shows for the first time the evolution of a coral reef rubble flat and rubble spits over decadal time scales as detected through remotely sensed images spanning 45 years. OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5

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Section: Evolution Of Rubble Spitssupporting

confidence: 51%

Evolution of Coral Rubble Deposits on a Reef Platform as Detected by Remote Sensing

et al. 2012

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“…Ford and Kench, 2014), erode large channels through the island (e.g. Blumenstock et al, 1961a), or deposit a large quantity of coarse sediment on the reef flat that eventually adds to island volume (e.g. Shannon et al, 2013).…”

Section: Wave-driven Abrasion Of Submarine Bedrockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave-driven geomorphology of Pacific carbonate coastlines: from landscape to wavelength scale

Bramante¹

2020

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The shallow marine ecosystems of coral atolls and the human communities they support are among the most vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change. Sea-level rise threatens to inundate low-lying reef islands, tropical cyclone intensification threatens islands with flooding and erosion, and ocean warming and acidification threaten the health of coral reefs. Unfortunately, the sediment dynamics that shape the morphol-

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“…Short-period extreme events such as tropical hurricanes, cyclones and storms have been well recognized for their ability to drive near-instantaneous geomorphic change on reef islands as a consequence of super-elevated water levels and extreme wave heights (Blumenstock, 1958;Blumenstock et al, 1961;Stoddart, 1971;Stoddart and Steers, 1977;Woodley, 1980;Woodley et al, 1981;Bayliss-Smith, 1988;Harmelin-Vivien, 1994;Williams et al, 2010). However, less well-documented are the impacts of tsunami (Kench et al, 2006b(Kench et al, , 2008 and longer period swell events (Smithers and Hoeke, 2014) in forcing changes to islands at timescales of seconds to days.…”

Section: Extreme Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reef Island Evolution and Dynamics: Insights from the Indian and Pacific Oceans and Perspectives for the Spermonde Archipelago

Kench

Mann

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Along southwestern Sulawesi, Indonesia, the Spermonde Archipelago comprises some 120 islands of variable size and degree of anthropogenic modification. Comparable to adjacent areas in Southeast Asia, the Spermonde Archipelago is characterized by the congregation of a naturally high marine biodiversity and, at the same time, a high population density influencing the surrounding environmental conditions. As a consequence, during the last decades, research projects that have been carried out in the Spermonde mainly focused on social, ecological, political and economic interactions. However, geological and geomorphological aspects of the coral reef islands are less well understood and there have been few studies undertaken since the pioneering work of Umbgrove, Kuenen, and Verstappen in the Indonesian archipelago in the early to mid-twentieth century. Here we review the existing studies, with a focus on the Spermonde Archipelago, and reconcile them with more recent works on reef island evolution and dynamics from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. This synthesis shows that reef islands in the Spermonde Archipelago are well suited for geomorphological investigations, and provides perspectives for future reef island research in that area that will have global interest. We identify four research priorities: (1) To identify the timing and chronology of island formation; (2) Improved understanding of carbonate budgets and sediment generation that contribute to island building; (3) Document morphological changes in reef islands at seasonal to decadal timescales, and; (4) Quantify the process regime that drives sediment transport and island change with particular focus on the role of different monsoon seasons.

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The Re-Survey of Typhoon Effects on Jaluit Atoll in the Marshall Islands

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Evolution of Coral Rubble Deposits on a Reef Platform as Detected by Remote Sensing

Evolution of Coral Rubble Deposits on a Reef Platform as Detected by Remote Sensing

Wave-driven geomorphology of Pacific carbonate coastlines: from landscape to wavelength scale

Reef Island Evolution and Dynamics: Insights from the Indian and Pacific Oceans and Perspectives for the Spermonde Archipelago

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