The Reach and Impact of the Remote Frequency and Time Calibration Services at NIST

Lombardi, Michael A.

doi:10.1080/19315775.2019.1605862

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These services reach a relatively small number of users. NIST, for example, distributes UTC(NIST) as generated in Boulder, Colorado to more than 50 customers through services that distribute frequency and time via the common-view method [57] described in Section III.C. These services are not affected if GPS time is wrong, because they do not distribute GPS time.…”

Section: Iiie1 Restricted Access Time Distribution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A method employed by NIST to monitor and verify that stock exchange clocks are always accurate and traceable involves a NIST disciplined clock (NISTDC) [57,71] that is deployed to stock market data centers and that keeps a rubidium or cesium atomic clock continuously locked to the UTC(NIST) time scale via common-view GPS (Fig. 13).…”

Section: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of dependencies of critical infrastructure timing systems on the global positioning system (GPS)

Lombardi¹

2021

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Accurate and reliable time signals are an essential part of critical infrastructure systems in the United States. Because these systems often cannot function properly without accurate time signals, timing system failures can have serious consequences, with the potential implications including economic loss, reduced safety and security, and loss of human life. The primary time synchronization sources for these systems are signals broadcast by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, which has understandably led to concerns about our dependency on GPS timing. This report provides an overview of how timing systems work and defines some basic terminology and specifications. It then discusses the regulatory timing requirements and GPS timing dependencies of United States critical infrastructure systems operating in the financial, telecommunications, and electric power sectors.

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Section: Iiie1 Restricted Access Time Distribution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of dependencies of critical infrastructure timing systems on the global positioning system (GPS)

Lombardi¹

2021

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“…NIST currently distributes UTC(NIST) via its NIST disciplined clock (NISTDC) service, which is a partial implementation of the MSCVDC technique. Over 20 NISTDC units are currently in operation, with several located outside of the United States [47]. A primary application of the NISTDC has been the synchronization of stock exchanges and financial markets [48].…”

Section: Iic Distribution Of Utc(nist) Via Multi-source Common-view Disciplined (Mscvdc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current NIST Implementation of MSCVDC -NIST currently offers a partial implementation of the MSCVDC to subscribers through the NIST disciplined clock (NISTDC) service. The service typically utilizes a rubidium clock (Service ID 76102), but a cesium clock version of the NISTDC (Service ID 76103C) is also offered [47]. Currently deployed at more than 20 locations, NISTDC units synchronize clocks at several stock exchanges, including the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq.…”

Section: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

A resilient architecture for the realization and distribution of coordinated universal time to critical infrastructure systems in the United States :

Sherman¹,

Arissian²,

Brown³

et al. 2021

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The Time and Frequency Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the United States Department of Commerce (DOC), was tasked with fulfilling Section 4, Part (i) of the Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) Executive Order that was signed by the President on February 12, 2020. The Executive Order states that Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Commerce shall make available a GNSS-independent source of Coordinated Universal Time, to support the needs of critical infrastructure owners and operators, for the public and private sectors to access. Although the Executive Order does not specifically provide an accuracy requirement, this report assumes an accuracy requirement of 1 ?s with respect to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). This specification is assumed because numerous critical infrastructure timing systems in the United States are now heavily dependent on signals received from the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites that routinely provide sub-microsecond accuracy, and other UTC sources that deliver time at comparable accuracy levels are needed to alleviate or reduce these dependencies. This report was written to describe, propose, and recommend technical methods that NIST has already implemented, or can potentially implement, to fulfill Section 4, Part (i) of the PNT Executive Order.

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“…To build a remote calibration system, it is necessary to develop an infrastructure in the form of procurement of a remote calibration system, which is a GPS Receiver and data processing software from the remote calibration [24]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithm of Time and Frequency Remote Calibration System of SNSU-BSN

Boynawan¹,

Ratnaningsih²,

P³

et al. 2020

Eksakta

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National Measurement Standards-National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (SNSU-BSN) as the National Metrology Institute of Indonesia has provided time and frequency calibration services for customers. Time and frequency equipment should be calibrated to traceable to the SI units. The calibration process can be carried out in a calibration laboratory. However, some measuring devices cannot be sent to the calibration laboratory. One of the devices that cannot be sent to the calibration laboratory is Cesium atomic clock. It must be calibrated to get the time difference with the local coordinated universal time (UTC), namely UTC(IDN). Therefore, to calibrate the Cesium atomic clock, a remote calibration method is needed. The remote system is also intended to conduct the calibration more effectively and efficiently. This method requires two Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver devices placed on the client-side and a calibration laboratory. For this reason, an algorithm for remote calibration has been developed. The algorithm has been tested to calibrate Cesium-3 of SNSU-BSN against UTC(IDN). The time difference between Cesium-3 and UTC(IDN) was 5.8 microseconds by using the algorithm. Based on the algorithm that has been built, it was concluded that the algorithm can be used to perform remote calibration for the related customer.

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The Reach and Impact of the Remote Frequency and Time Calibration Services at NIST

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

An evaluation of dependencies of critical infrastructure timing systems on the global positioning system (GPS)

An evaluation of dependencies of critical infrastructure timing systems on the global positioning system (GPS)

A resilient architecture for the realization and distribution of coordinated universal time to critical infrastructure systems in the United States :

Algorithm of Time and Frequency Remote Calibration System of SNSU-BSN

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