“…Substituted benzyldehydes, 95,101 aromatic dialdehydes, 110 furfural, 111 acetaldehyde, 96,97 and cinnamaldehyde 106,112 readily react as carbonyl components. On the other hand, ketones are restricted to be cyclic 103,113−117 or electron-deficient α-halo ketones, 108,118 α-acyl(thi)oxy propanones, 98,99,107,119 and biacetyl. 100 The mechanism proposed for the Ramazani-4CR comprises the initial steps of the classic Ugi-4CR, that is, the formation of the protonated the iminium ion 44, which subsequently adds to isonitrile 1 along with the carboxylate anion to form the corresponding α-adduct 45.…”