The reaction pathway analysis of phosphoric acid with the active radicals: a new insight of the fire-extinguishing mechanism of ABC dry powder

Li, Hangchen; Hua, Min; Pan, Xuhai; Li, Shunchao; Guo, Xinxin; Zhang, Han; Jiang, Juncheng

doi:10.1007/s00894-019-4136-y

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The use of phosphonic acids in fuel cell systems for radical scavenging is intriguing, and so is the mechanism of their action. In accordance with the density functional theory (DFT) investigation of reaction pathways for phosphoric acid in the presence of different radicals, 26 three pathways are possible (Fig. 4a).…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…Primary sources of the hydroxyl radical (HO˙) are slow homolysis of H 2 O 2 (H 2 O 2 → 2HO˙) and the Fenton reaction (Fe 2+ + H 2 O 2 ˙ + H + → Fe 3+ + HO˙ + H 2 O). The hydroxyl radicals can react with phosphonic acids to produce phosphonate radicals 26 (Path 1). The DFT calculations based on the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) 27,28 indicate that the activation energy of Path 1 is low (0.65 eV) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoroalkyl phosphonic acid radical scavengers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

et al. 2023

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supporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoroalkyl phosphonic acid radical scavengers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

et al. 2023

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“…Combining the results of the previous study, Figure 2 schematically demonstrates the possible fire suppression mechanism of ADP. 1 It can be theoretically demonstrated from the kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of all the reaction pathways that the chemical inhibition of ADP plays a leading role in extinguishing the fire.…”

Section: Extinguishing Mechanism Of Capmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance test followed a fire-extinguishing method of the Fire Rating 4A according to Standard EN 3 (British Standard, 2004). 1 The test results are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Wooden Crib Fire Tests (Class A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABC dry powder (ADP) is composed of mono-ammonium phosphate. 1 A dry chemical-based fire extinguisher is not effective on Class B fires because of cooking fuel; thus, a protein foam-based extinguisher is preferred to extinguish such fires. A dry chemical-based fire extinguisher coats the fuel surface with chemical powder to separate oxygen from the fuel, eventually interrupting combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance improvement of the dry chemical-based fire extinguishers using nanocalcium silicate synthesised from biowaste

Viriyawattana

Sinworn

2023

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Herein, we investigated nanocalcium silicate (nCa2SiO4) prepared from clam shells and rice husks for its utilisation as a chemical agent in a fire-extinguishing mixture comprising ABC dry powder. The fire-extinguishing performance was evaluated with Class A and B fires. The prepared mixture was compared with commercial mono-ammonium phosphate powder based on different parameters, namely extinguishing time, amount of extinguishing agent used, fire temperature reduction rate, powder coating on the fuel and a reburn incident. It was found that the mixture of nCa2SiO4 and ABC dry powder could extinguish Class A and B fires within 10.67 and 9 s, respectively, while commercial mono-ammonium phosphate powder required 11 and 11.33 s to extinguish Class A and B fires, respectively. Thus, the mixture of nCa2SiO4 and ABC dry powder was more effective and less consumed as compared to commercial mono-ammonium phosphate powder (Class B only). This study demonstrates the efficacy of nCa2SiO4 to improve the performance of dry chemical-based fire extinguishers.

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Colored Radiative Cooling and Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane‐Based Coatings: Selective Absorption/Reflection in Solar Waveband

Cai,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

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The aesthetic demand has become an imperative challenge to advance the practical and commercial application of daytime radiative cooling technology toward mitigating climate change. Meanwhile, the application of radiative cooling materials usually focuses on the building surface, related tightly to fire safety. Herein, the absorption and reflection spectra of organic and inorganic colorants are first compared in solar waveband, finding that iron oxides have higher reflectivity in NIR region. Second, three kinds of iron oxides‐based colorants are selected to combine porous structure and silicon‐modified ammonium polyphosphate (Si‐APP) to engineer colored polyurethane‐based (PU) coating, thus enhancing the reflectivity and flame retardancy. Together with reflectivity of more than 90% in near‐infrared waveband and infrared emissivity of ≈91%, average temperature drops of ≈5.7, ≈7.9, and ≈3.8 °C are achieved in porous PU/Fe2O3/Si‐APP, porous PU/Fe2O3·H2O/Si‐APP, and porous PU/Fe3O4·H2O/Si‐APP, compared with dense control samples. The catalysis effect of iron oxides in the cross‐linking reaction of pyrolysis products and dehydration mechanism of Si‐APP enable PU coating to produce an intumescent and protective char residue. Consequently, PU composite coatings demonstrate desirable fire safety. The ingenious choice of colorants effectively minimizes the solar heating effect and trades off the daytime radiative cooling and aesthetic appearance requirement.

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The reaction pathway analysis of phosphoric acid with the active radicals: a new insight of the fire-extinguishing mechanism of ABC dry powder

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Fluoroalkyl phosphonic acid radical scavengers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Fluoroalkyl phosphonic acid radical scavengers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Performance improvement of the dry chemical-based fire extinguishers using nanocalcium silicate synthesised from biowaste

Colored Radiative Cooling and Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane‐Based Coatings: Selective Absorption/Reflection in Solar Waveband

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