The Reaction to Social Stress in Social Phobia: Discordance between Physiological and Subjective Parameters

Klumbies, Elisabeth; Braeuer, David; Hoyer, Jana; Kirschbaum, Clemens

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105670

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A recent meta-analytic review of RSA across multiple psychiatric diagnoses, including anxiety disorders, found reduced RSA in adults with psychiatric diagnoses and controls at baseline or in response to a stressor, including unmedicated adults (Alvares et al 2016). However, other studies in samples of undergraduate students have not found RSA differences between adults with high versus low trait anxiety (Wilhelm et al 2001), and the only study to employ the TSST in adults with anxiety disorders reported no differences between adults with anxiety disorders and those without (Klumbies et al 2014). Similar to the adult literature, studies of children with anxiety disorders have suggested lower PNS functioning at baseline (Dieleman et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Physiological Response to Social Evaluative Threat in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Edmiston

Jones

Corbett

2016

J Autism Dev Disord

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The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was employed to study response to social evaluative threat in male adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, n = 21) and typical development (n = 13). Participants wore a mobile electrocardiogram to collect heart rate data. There were significant group effects on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of parasympathetic nervous system function, with lower values in ASD (F = 4.97). Bivariate correlations also showed a significant relationship between parent reports of social problems and RSA response to the TSST (r = −0.586). These findings suggest that autonomic dysregulation may contribute to social deficits in adolescents with ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Physiological Response to Social Evaluative Threat in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Edmiston

Jones

Corbett

2016

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…We based our hypothesis on preclinical work demonstrating that estradiol inhibits HPA axis reactivity, and also stimulates the production of CBG and lowers unbound cortisol levels (Dayas et al, 2000; Minni et al, 2014). Also, some TSST studies showed that healthy women using oral contraceptives, which contain high levels of estradiol, had cortisol responses lower than men and similar to follicular women (e.g, Cornelisse et al, 2011; Kirschbaum et al, 1999; but not Klumbies et al, 2014). Given this evidence, the lack of association in this study was somewhat surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to acute psychosocial stress: Effects of biological sex and circulating sex hormones

Stephens

Mahon

McCaul

et al. 2016

Psychoneuroendocrinology

200

118

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Summary Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis influences the risk for developing stress-related disorders. Sex-dependent differences in the HPA axis stress response are believed to contribute to the different prevalence rates of stress-related disorders found in men and women. However, studies examining the HPA axis stress response have shown mixed support for sex differences, and the role of endogenous sex hormones on HPA axis response has not been adequately examined in humans. This study utilized the largest sample size to date to analyze the effects of biological sex and sex hormones on HPA axis social stress responses. Healthy, 18- to 30- year-old community volunteers (N=282) completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a widely used and well-validated stress-induction laboratory procedure. All women (n=135) were tested during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle (when progesterone levels are most similar to men). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol measures were collected at multiple points throughout pre- and post-TSST. Testosterone and progesterone (in men) and progesterone and estradiol (in women) were determined pre-TSST. Following the TSST, men had greater ACTH and cortisol levels than women. Men had steeper baseline-to-peak and peak-to-end ACTH and cortisol response slopes than women; there was a trend for more cortisol responders among men than women. Testosterone negatively correlated with salivary cortisol response in men, while progesterone negatively correlated with ACTH and cortisol responses in women. These data confirm that men show more robust activation of the HPA axis response to the TSST than do women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Testosterone results suggest an inhibitory effect on HPA axis reactivity in men. Progesterone results suggest an inhibitory effect on HPA axis reactivity in women. Future work is needed to explain why men mount a greater ACTH and cortisol response to the TSST than do women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

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“…While self‐reported anxiety increased in patients with SAD before, during, and after Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), differences in the biological stress response (sAA, HR, and heart rate variability [HRV]) were not observed between the SAD and healthy controls (Klumbies et al. 2014). In another study, there were no significant differences between SAD subjects and controls in terms of TSST (Martel et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determines cortisol and alpha‐amylase responses to acute physical and psychosocial stress in patients with avoidant personality disorder

et al. 2016

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IntroductionsAvoidant personality disorder (AVPD) has excessive and pervasive anxiety and discomfort in social situations. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between AVPD and physical and psychological stress and psychological tests.MethodsWe evaluated 93 AVPD patients and 355 nonpatient controls by salivary amylase and cortisol responses during exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and electrical stimulation stress. Spielberger state‐trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood State (POMS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Depression and Anxiety Cognition Scale (DACS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered.ResultsFollowing electrical stimulation, salivary cortisol levels in female AVPD decreased significantly less than that in female's controls, but salivary cortisol levels did not show a difference between male AVPD patients and controls. Salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) levels did not show a difference between females or male AVPD patients and controls. Following TSST exposure, sAA levels did not show a difference between females or male AVPD patients and controls. Salivary cortisol levels did not show a difference between females or male AVPD patients and controls. In the AVPD patients, POMS scores were significantly higher compared with the controls. STAI, BDI, DACS scores, and CTQ significantly increased in the AVPD patients compared with the controls. LF in heart rate variability in AVPD significantly increased more compared with controls.ConclusionsThese results suggest that heightened sympathetic reactivity in female AVPD co‐occurs with attenuated salivary cortisol responses to electric stimulation stress and there is a significant difference between AVPD and controls in mood, anxiety, social cognition, and automatic nerve systems.

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The Reaction to Social Stress in Social Phobia: Discordance between Physiological and Subjective Parameters

Cited by 71 publications

References 46 publications

Physiological Response to Social Evaluative Threat in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Physiological Response to Social Evaluative Threat in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to acute psychosocial stress: Effects of biological sex and circulating sex hormones

Sex determines cortisol and alpha‐amylase responses to acute physical and psychosocial stress in patients with avoidant personality disorder

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