The real part of the forward proton proton scattering amplitude measured at the CERN intersecting storage rings

Amaldi, U.; Cocconi, G.; Diddens, A.N.; Dobinson, R.; Dorenbosch, J.; Duinker, W.; Gustavson, D.B.; Meyer, J.; Potter, K.; Wetherell, A. M.; Baroncelli, A.; Bosio, C.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(77)90022-3

Cited by 201 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Such measurements are described in [108] where first results from the operation of the ISR at beam momenta of 11.8 GeV and 15.4 GeV are reported along Aachen-CERN-GenoaHarvard-Torino σ total R801-Pisa-Stony Brook [113] CERN-Pisa-Rome-Stony Brook [114,115] Small-angle scattering E805 [116] CERN-Rome with values for σ total , ρ and σ elastic . These are shown here in Table 2.…”

Section: The Isr Measurement and The Rise Of The Total Cross Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the physics of the total cross section at LHC

Pancheri

Srivastava

2017

Eur. Phys. J. C

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This review describes the development of the physics of hadronic cross sections up to recent LHC results and cosmic ray experiments. We present here a comprehensive review -written with a historical perspective -about total cross sections from medium to the highest energies explored experimentally and studied through a variety of methods and theoretical models for over 60 years. We begin by recalling the analytic properties of the elastic amplitude and the theorems about the asymptotic behavior of the total cross section. A discussion of how proton-proton cross sections are extracted from cosmic rays at higher than accelerator energies and help the study of these asymptotic limits, is presented. This is followed by a description of the advent of particle colliders, through which high energies and unmatched experimental precisions have been attained. Thus the measured hadronic elastic and total cross sections have become crucial instruments to probe the so called soft part of QCD physics, where quarks and gluons are confined, and have led to test and refine Regge behavior and a number of diffractive models. As the c.m. energy increases, the total cross section also probes the transition into hard scattering describable with perturbative QCD, the so-called mini-jet region. Further tests are provided by cross section measurements of γ p, γ * p and γ * γ * for models based on vector meson dominance, scaling limits of virtual photons at high Q 2 and the BFKL formalism. Models interpolating from virtual to real photons are also tested.

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Section: The Isr Measurement and The Rise Of The Total Cross Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the physics of the total cross section at LHC

Pancheri

Srivastava

2017

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…The CERN-Rome fit 41 gives a total cross-section that increases as ln(s/s 0 ) γ with γ = 2.1 ± 0.1 and s 0 = 1 GeV. As in the first generation experiments, the exponent coincides, with a smaller error, with the limiting value of the Froissart-Martin bound.…”

Section: Second-generation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 57%

An ISR Discovery: The Rise of the Proton–Proton Cross-Section

Amaldi

2015

Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics

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The Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) were the first hadron collider ever built, providing proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies as high as 62 GeV, almost five times larger than any previous accelerator. When in 1971 the ISR began operation the Reggepole approach dominated and the proton-proton total cross-section was expected to have already reached a finite asymptotic value. However, ISR experiments found that the cross-section was rising by 10% between 22 and 62 GeV, while the interaction radius was increasing by 5%, a trend that continues up to the hundred times larger energies available at the Large Hadron Collider. In order to accurately measure the total and elastic cross-sections, new experimental methods -uniquely adapted to the environment of a hadron collider -had to be developed; they are described in the central part of this paper, which closes with a review of the data obtained at the LHC since they put in a wider perspective the forty years old ISR results.

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“…An important complication is that total interaction cross sections appear to rise considerably as one approaches air shower energies. From scattering experiments at CERN (Amaldi et al 1977), the pp total cross section is deduced to rise considerably by 10 14 eV (see Fig. 4), and a simple extrapolation suggests that (Jpp will have tripled in going from 1011 to 10 17 eV, while the inelastic (Jp,air would have doubled.…”

Section: Successes Of Scaling Models Of Particle Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range 1014?1017 eV

Hillas¹

1980

Aust. J. Phys.

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Aust. J. Phys., 1980,33,911-21 It is possible to explain the gross features of extensive air showers using very different alternative assumptions about the character of particle interactions, provided that different assumptions are made about the primary particle flux and composition. From this fact it is first shown that a very consistent set of fairly direct measurements on primary flux now exists (subject to the acceptance of a systematic bias in one set of data), together with constraints on the composition. (Protons and other nuclei however turn out not to have the same rigidity spectrum.) The gross features of showers mostly fit a scaling model with rising cross sections, but there are contrary indications (particularly from y-ray flux, particle spread and core structure at the higher energies) that a change in the nature of interactions occurs above 10 '5 eV, and this puzzle has not been solved.

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The real part of the forward proton proton scattering amplitude measured at the CERN intersecting storage rings

Cited by 201 publications

References 19 publications

Introduction to the physics of the total cross section at LHC

Introduction to the physics of the total cross section at LHC

An ISR Discovery: The Rise of the Proton–Proton Cross-Section

Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range 1014?1017 eV

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