The rearing and maintenance of breeding chickens in isolators: 1. Glass fibre isolators

Cooper, Doreen M.; Timms, J. R.

doi:10.1080/03079457208418051

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Unsexed Houghton Poultry Research Station Light Sussex chickens were maintained coccidia-free in glass-fibre isolators (Cooper and Timms, 1972) until required for experiments. Chickens were used at 3 weeks of age for experiments in wirefloored cages.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of two lines ofEimeria tenellaattenuated either by selection for precocious development in the chicken or by growth in chicken embryos

1986

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A precocious line (HP) selected from the virulent Houghton (H) strain of Eimeria tenella was found to be attenuated and to have a shorter prepatent time than the parent strain. The second generation schizonts of the HP line were smaller than those of the H strain and contained fewer merozoites. A sub-line of HP, derived from a single oocyst, showed no sign of reversion to virulence after 19 passages without selection for precocity. Similarly, clones (the progeny of single sporozoites) of an attenuated embryo- adapted line (TA) remained avirulent after up to 26 passages in the chicken. In contrast, an uncloned TA line reverted to virulence after 20 passages in chickens. The reproduction in chickens of the HP line was greater than that of the TA line. Chickens kept in wire-floored cages and given small numbers of oocysts of HP or TA were not substantially immune to challenge with the virulent H strain. However, when chickens kept in litter pens were given the HP line they developed a strong immunity to a large challenge with either the H, Weybridge or each of four field strains. In the same conditions, prior inoculation with TA led to only partial resistance against challenge.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of two lines ofEimeria tenellaattenuated either by selection for precocious development in the chicken or by growth in chicken embryos

1986

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“…On the day of hatching within an SPF unit, a group of SPF chickens were transferred from the incubator, using a sterile transfer module, into a fibreglass poultry flock isolator (as Cooper & Timms, 1972) with wire-mesh flooring. These chickens were supplied ad libitum with commercial chick crumbles (KMM-Barastoc, Melbourne) which had been sealed in plastic bags under vacuum and then gamma-irradiated (2-5 Mrads).…”

Section: Spf Chickens and Their Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen-free chickens

Coloe

Bagust

Ireland

1984

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe development of the normal intestinal microflora of the small intestine, caecum and large intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, was studied in the period from hatching to 84 days of age.No bacteria were detected in any of the sites at hatchery (day 1), but by day 3 significant levels of faecal streptococci and coliforms were isolated from all sites. The flora of the small intestine was limited to faecal streptococci and coliforms for the first 40 days and then lactobacilli became established and dominated the flora.A large variety of facultative and strictly anaerobic organisms colonized the caecum. Many of these species were transient and were only present for a limited period; after 40 days the flora stabilized to consist predominantly of faecal streptococci, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp. and Lactobacillus sp.The flora of the large intestine was composed of organisms also present in the small intestine or the caecum.These findings differ from previously published studies on conventionally reared chickens in that the number of species isolated and the population levels of organisms are much lower. This probably reflects the absence of continuous environmental challenge to the chickens because of the housing and feeding facilities in which the chickens were maintained.

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“…For most experiments they were reared from hatching to 12 days of age in glass fibre isolators (Cooper and Timms, 1972) before being transferred to indoor floor pens which measured about 1 × 1 m and were separated from each other by 1 m high partitions of stainless steel or heavy duty PVC sheet. Wood shavings were placed in each pen to a depth of 10 to 15 cm.…”

Section: Chickens and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the immunogenicity of seven attenuated lines ofEimeriagiven as a mixture to chickens

Shirley

Millard

1986

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYThe ability of attenuated lines of all the seven species of Eimeria which infect the chicken to provide protection against challenge with virulent strains was examined. The parasites were given as a mixture of all seven species to chickens kept on litter in floor pens, by spraying an aqueous suspension of oocysts on to the surface of food in troughs within the floor pens. Treated chickens were challenged 4 weeks later with virulent strains, and changes in weight gain and the presence of gross intestinal lesions were determined. When used in this way, as freshly passaged oocysts or after storage for 3 or 6 months, the consistently good protection afforded by the attenuated lines suggests that they could be applied in the control of coccidiosis in the field. INTRODUCTIONAttenuated lines of Eimeria spp., produced either by repeated selection for early development of oocysts (precocious lines) or by serial passage in embryonated eggs, have been described for each of the seven recognised species which parasitise the chicken. The immunogenicity of an egg-adapted (TA) line of E. tenella has been studied under simulated field conditions (e.g. Long and Millard, 1977) whilst the immunogenicity of each precocious line has been separately confirmed using chickens kept in wire-floored cages (see McDonald et al., 1982;McDonald and Ballingall, 1983; Shirley and Bellatti, 1984; Shirley et al., 1984;McDonald et al., 1986. However, before attenuated lines can be used for the vaccination of commercial poultry it is first necessary to examine, under laboratory conditions, the ability of the lines to immunise when given as a mixture of all seven species to chickens. This paper describes the results of experiments in which, for the first time, attenuated lines of all seven species were given in combination to chickens.

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The rearing and maintenance of breeding chickens in isolators: 1. Glass fibre isolators

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

A comparative study of two lines ofEimeria tenellaattenuated either by selection for precocious development in the chicken or by growth in chicken embryos

A comparative study of two lines ofEimeria tenellaattenuated either by selection for precocious development in the chicken or by growth in chicken embryos

Development of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen-free chickens

Studies on the immunogenicity of seven attenuated lines ofEimeriagiven as a mixture to chickens

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