The recanalized umbilical vein in portal hypertension: a myth

Lafortune, M; Constantin, André; Breton, G; Légaré, A; Lavoie, Pierre

doi:10.2214/ajr.144.3.549

Cited by 100 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Veins.-The umbilical vein never opens after closure (23). Rather, patent portal veins in the ligamentum teres and falciform ligament are actually enlarged paraumbilical veins.…”

Section: Paraumbilical Vein and Abdominal Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Multi–Detector Row CT Portal Venography in the Evaluation of Portosystemic Collateral Vessels in Liver Cirrhosis

Kang

Jeong

Choi³

et al. 2002

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Multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) offers distinct advantages over traditional spiral CT. Multi-detector row CT scanners are faster and allow thinner collimation than single-detector row spiral CT scanners. The use of multi-detector row CT combined with postprocessing of the imaging data with a variety of three-dimensional reformatting techniques (eg, maximum intensity projection, shaded surface display, volume rendering) allows creation of vascular maps whose quality equals or exceeds that of maps created at classic angiography for many applications. Three-dimensional multi-detector row CT portal venography can help determine the extent and location of portosystemic collateral vessels (eg, left gastric vein, short gastric vein, esophageal and paraesophageal varices, splenorenal and gastrorenal shunts, paraumbilical and abdominal wall veins) in patients with liver cirrhosis and is probably the optimal imaging technique in this setting. © RSNA, 2002Abbreviations: MIP ϭ maximum intensity projection, SSD ϭ shaded surface display, 3D ϭ three-dimensional

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“…Veins.-The umbilical vein never opens after closure (23). Rather, patent portal veins in the ligamentum teres and falciform ligament are actually enlarged paraumbilical veins.…”

Section: Paraumbilical Vein and Abdominal Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Multi–Detector Row CT Portal Venography in the Evaluation of Portosystemic Collateral Vessels in Liver Cirrhosis

Kang

Jeong

Choi³

et al. 2002

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121

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“…Normally, shortly after birth, the umbilical vein atrophies within the falciform ligament and forms the ligamentum teres. Lafortune et al 6 showed that the falciform ligament contains one to three tiny paraumbilical veins, and that these are the vessels that increase in both size and number in portal hypertension. The umbilical vein remnant may remain patent in its hepatic portion for a short distance, thus accounting for the small vessel t< 3 mm) that can occasionally be depicted near the left portal vein in normal subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aneurysm of a paraumbilical collateral vein.

Stuck

Rubin

Gubin

1988

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Sonography and computed tomography have both been shown to be useful in the detection and definition of venous collaterals in portal hypertension. 1 • 4 The paraumbilical veins are one of the more common collateral pathways demonstrated. Increasing size of this collateral pathway has been positively correlated with the development of gastroesophageal varices and the degree of extrahepatic shunting.5 Focal dilatations of collateral vessels are uncommon, usually described in the portal vein. 3 We report a case of a paraumbilical vein aneurysm imaged with CT and color flow and gray-scale Doppler sonography. CASE REPORTA 63-year-old man with a long history of alcohol abuse, cirrhosis and known esophageal varices presented to an outside hospital for recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. As part of his inpatient evaluation, an abdominal sonogram was performed, which identified a "cystic structure in the left abdomen anteriorly which probably represents a pancreatic cyst." He was referred to the Ann Arbor VA Medical Center for a computed tomography (CT) examination. Changes consistent with portal hypertension were seen, including enlargement of a paraumbilical vein and numerous superficial periumbilical collateral vessels resulting in a caput medusae (Fig.

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“…Within days after closure the umbilical vein is mostly obliterated except for a fibrous portion on the abdominal wall that remains as the ligamentum teres hepatis. Curiously, this may reopen in adults with extreme hypertension (although this is debatable; Lafortune et al 1985), especially near the liver, as can occur when hepatic vessels are obstructed by scar tissue from cirrhosis. The distended, engorged paraumbilical veins are visible on the abdomen, where they resemble the mythical Umbilical arteries → umbilical ligaments, and the superior vesicular artery supplying the urinary bladder Umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated fetal blood back to the placenta, and as such are unnecessary after birth.…”

Section: Umbilical Vein → Ligamentum Teres Hepatismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestiges of the natural history of development: historical holdovers reveal the dynamic interaction between ontogeny and phylogeny

Werth

2014

Evo Edu Outreach

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Vestigial features of humans and other organisms are well known and have long been used as key evidence for evolution. Such features include not only anatomical structures but also physiological processes, biochemical reactions, and even behaviors. In addition to remnants of evolutionary change, traces of developmental change likewise exist, and it is important to distinguish embryonic remains from true evolutionary vestiges because people confuse evolutionary and developmental changes. To avoid confusion, the term vestige should be reserved for true evolutionary holdovers. This paper presents examples of developmental remnants, which often involve circulatory and reproductive alterations, and discusses numerous other retained or reappearing historical holdovers in ways that reveal the unfolding dynamic interaction between genotype and phenotype. These holdovers are useful in differentiating and relating concepts of phylogeny and ontogeny as well as revealing benefits of historical reasoning in understanding patterns and processes of organismal change.

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The recanalized umbilical vein in portal hypertension: a myth

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Three-dimensional Multi–Detector Row CT Portal Venography in the Evaluation of Portosystemic Collateral Vessels in Liver Cirrhosis

Three-dimensional Multi–Detector Row CT Portal Venography in the Evaluation of Portosystemic Collateral Vessels in Liver Cirrhosis

Aneurysm of a paraumbilical collateral vein.

Vestiges of the natural history of development: historical holdovers reveal the dynamic interaction between ontogeny and phylogeny

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