The recent advancement of low-dimensional nanostructured materials for drug delivery and drug sensing application: A brief review

Abstract

In this review article, we have presented a detailed analysis of the recent advancement of quantum mechanical calculations in the applications of the low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) into biomedical fields like biosensors and drug delivery systems development. Biosensors play an essential role for many communities, e.g. law enforcing agencies to sense illicit drugs, medical communities to remove overdosed medications from the human and animal body etc. Besides, drug delivery systems are theoretically being proposed for many years and experimentally found to deliver the drug to the targeted sites by reducing the harmful side effects significantly. In current COVID-19 pandemic, biosensors can play significant roles, e.g. to remove experimental drugs during the human trials if they show any unwanted adverse effect etc. where the drug delivery systems can be potentially applied to reduce the side effects. But before proceeding to these noble and expensive translational research works, advanced theoretical calculations can provide the possible outcomes with considerable accuracy. Hence in this review article, we have analyzed how theoretical calculations can be used to investigate LDNs as potential biosensor devices or drug delivery systems. We have also made a very brief discussion on the properties of biosensors or drug delivery systems which should be investigated for the biomedical applications and how to calculate them theoretically. Finally, we have made a detailed analysis of a large number of recently published research works where theoretical calculations were used to propose different LDNs for bio-sensing and drug delivery applications.

Theoretical study of the adsorption of BMSF-BENZ drug for osteoporosis disease treatment on Al-doped carbon nanotubes (Al-CNT) as a drug delivery vehicle

“…This parameter is exponentially related to the adsorption energy, and high adsorption interaction needs a high desorption time, and low interaction requires a low desorption time. The recovery time is calculated by the Equation ( 10) [38].…”

Adsorption on Ligand-Tethered Nanoparticles

“…For many years, polymer brushes have attracted considerable attention due to their interesting properties and many potential applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The brushes can be synthesized on planar surfaces as well as on nanoparticles.…”

“…These hybrid nanoparticles offer a novel platform for the application of brush systems in diverse fields, such as the production of nanocomposites [4], sensing [5], biotechnology, and biomedicine [6]. The particle-based polymer brush systems can be applied as drug delivery vehicles and as carrier materials for proteins or enzymes [7][8][9][12][13][14].…”

“…These drug delivery systems are of great interest for the treatment of cancer and other diseases [7][8][9]12]. Many kinds of drug carriers have been developed [7], including various hairy nanoparticles.…”

“…They can deliver drugs on-site, resulting in higher drug transport efficiency, lower dosages required, and reduced side effects. Hairy nanoparticles can be exploited not only for drug delivery but also for monitoring the treatment's effects or enhancing its efficiency [7,9].…”