The recent developments in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for preconcentration and determination of inorganic analytes

Al-Saidi, Hamed M.; Emara, Adel A.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2011.11.005

Cited by 99 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…As a result, high enrichment factors are obtained, which allows to reduce LOD and LOQ. The extraction recovery (R%) can be calculated as follows: R (%) = V sed /V aq × EF × 100 where V sed and V aq are the volumes of the sedimented phase (0.07 mL) and sample solution (10 mL), respectively [31]. High recovery rates were also obtained: 102% ± 7% and 84% ± 5% for BUD and SULF, respectively.…”

Section: Analytical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Budesonide and Sulfasalazine in Water and Wastewater Samples Using DLLME-SFO-HPLC-UV Method

Hryniewicka

Starczewska

Gołębiewska

2019

Water

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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) was applied to isolate budesonide (BUD) and sulfasalazine (SULF) from aqueous samples. The effects of different parameters on the efficiency on the extraction such as type of extrahent and dispersive solvent, ionic strength, pH of sample, and centrifugation time were investigated. Moreover, the influence of foreign substances on a studied process was tested. The calibration curves were recorded. The linearity ranges for BUD and SULF were 0.022-8.611 µg mL −1 and 0.020-7.968 µg mL −1 with the limit of detection (LOD) 0.011 µg mL −1 and 0.012 µg mL −1 , respectively. The enrichment factors (EF) for two analytes were high: for BUD it was 145.7 and for SULF, 119.5. The elaborated procedure was applied for HPLC-UV determination of these analytes in water and wastewater samples.was quantitated in a range of different matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection or ultraviolet detection (HPLC-DAD and HPLC-UV) [10][11][12], thin-layer chromatography densitometry [13], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [14], spectroflourimetry [15] and liquid chromatography/positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI(+)-MS/MS [16]. None of the above methods attempted the simultaneous analysis of BUD and SULF in the same sample.The literature review shows that budesonide assays were made in biological samples [7-9], environmental samples [17,18], pharmaceutical formulations, and cosmetic products [19]. SULF was determined in pharmaceutical preparations [13][14][15], human plasma [10,16], water, and wastewater samples [20,21]. SULF was determined in river samples at the concentration of 15-76 ng L −1 and in wastewater samples at 65 ng L −1 (influent) and 266 ng L −1 (effluent) [20].Traditionally, the sample treatment techniques used to isolate pharmaceuticals from water samples have been the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and the solid-phase extraction (SPE) [21]. LLE technique needs large volumes of toxic solvent, and the creation of emulsions is a common problem. However, SPE technique requires column conditioning and a process that is sometimes complicated and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly pretreatment methods is necessary to overcome such disadvantages. Currently, microextraction techniques are often used to separate biologically active substances from aqueous solutions.A novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) was introduced by Leong et al. [22]. It involves the use of extraction solvent with a density lower than the density of water and freezing point near to the room temperature. The mixture of the dispersing and extracting solvent is injected into the water sample to form a turbid solution. After centrifugation, the tube is placed in an ice bath to solidify the extractant. The solidified drop is then collected and placed in a conical tube and allowed to melt. The li...

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Section: Analytical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Budesonide and Sulfasalazine in Water and Wastewater Samples Using DLLME-SFO-HPLC-UV Method

Hryniewicka

Starczewska

Gołębiewska

2019

Water

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“…The DLLME technique is rapid, requires low volumes of the extractant as well as dispersing solvent and exhibits high recovery and preconcentration factor. Several studies regarding the application of DLLME technique for preconcentration of heavy metals have been carried out [15,[17][18][19]. One of the most important parameters for effective extraction of analytes using DLLME technique is the degree of dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligandless, deep eutectic solvent‐based ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase for preconcentration of lead, cadmium, cobalt and nickel in water samples

Werner

2020

J of Separation Science

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A green and efficient sample preparation method using a deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasounds-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis was developed for preconcentration and determination of heavy metals in environmental samples. In the proposed method, a novel, low density deep eutectic solvent was prepared by mixing trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride and thiosalicylic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 and used both as an extractant and complexing agent. Ultrasound was used to disperse the extractant in the aqueous phase of the sample. Then, the phases were separated by centrifugation, after which the aqueous phase was frozen and the surface extractant phase was dissolved in a small volume of acetonitrile and subjected to liquid chromatographic analysis. The proposed method provided precisions (relative standard deviation, n = 5) in the range of 2.6-4.7%. The limit of detection were 0.05, 0.13, 0.06, and 0.11 μg/L for Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), respectively. The enhancement factors were equal to 154, 159, 162, and 158 for lead(II), cadmium(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II), respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated using certified reference materials (CA011b -hard drinking water, NIST 1643e -trace elements in water, TMRAIN-04 -simulated rain sample). K E Y W O R D Sdeep eutectic solvents, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, heavy metals, solidification of aqueous phase, ultrasound

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“…Some of the reviews were found to summarise various strategies for improving dispersion liquid-liquid microextraction [13,14] and application with different analytical instruments [15,16]. Notwithstanding such reviews, none of the reviews meticulously discussed the different types of extraction solvents used in DLLME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

MJAS

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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a novel sample preparation technique that has higher level of extraction efficiency by means of relying on microvolumes of solvents. It has gained considerable attention from researchers owing to several advantages such as its simplicity, shorter extraction time, lower cost and higher enrichment factor. In conventional DLLME, chlorinated solvents are widely used as the extraction solvents. Notwithstanding, most of these solvents are reportedly toxic and environmentally-unfriendly. Many related studies in recent years have focused on the use of nontoxic or low toxic extraction solvents and better practical procedures, which have helped improve the extraction efficiency. The aim of this review is to discuss the development of low toxic extraction solvent used recently in the DLLME. The possible improvement of extraction solvent from the green analytical chemistry perspectives is also discussed.Keywords: extraction solvents, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, green analytical chemistry Abstrak Pengekstrakan mikro cecair-cecair serakan (DLLME) merupakan teknik penyediaan sampel novel yang mempunyai lebih tinggi kecekapan pengekstrakan dengan menggunakan mikroliter pelarut. Teknik ini telah mendapat perhatian daripada penyelidik kerana beberapa kelebihan seperti ringkas, masa pengekstrakan yang lebih pendek, kos yang lebih rendah dan faktor pengayaan yang lebih tinggi. Dalam DLLME konvensional, pelarut berklorin digunakan secara meluas sebagai pelarut pengekstrakan. Namun, kebanyakan pelarut ini dilaporkan toksik dan tidak mesra alam. Dalam tahun kebelakangan ini, banyak kajian yang berkaitan telah fokus kepada penggunaan pelarut pengekstrakan yang tidak bertoksik atau rendah toksik dan praktikal prosedur yang lebih baik telah meningkatkan kecekapan pengekstrakan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan perkembangan pelarut pengekstrakan rendah toksik yang digunakan dalam DLLME terkini. Penambahbaikan pelarut pengekstrakan dari perspektif kimia analisis hijau juga dibincangkan.Kata kunci: pelarut pengekstrakan, pengekstrakan mikro cecair-cecair serakan, kimia analitik hijau

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The recent developments in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for preconcentration and determination of inorganic analytes

Cited by 99 publications

References 69 publications

Determination of Budesonide and Sulfasalazine in Water and Wastewater Samples Using DLLME-SFO-HPLC-UV Method

Determination of Budesonide and Sulfasalazine in Water and Wastewater Samples Using DLLME-SFO-HPLC-UV Method

Ligandless, deep eutectic solvent‐based ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase for preconcentration of lead, cadmium, cobalt and nickel in water samples

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