“…3 These studies include the following: the U.S. (Bratsberg et al, 1992;Sumption and Flamm, 2012;Chiswick, 1978;Catron, 2019;Mazzolari, 2006Mazzolari, , 2009Pastor and Scoggins, 2012;Picot and Hou, 2011;Shierholz, 2010;Zhou and Lee, 2013;Enchautegui and Giannarelli, 2015); Canada (Pivnenko and DeVoretz, 2003;DeVoretz and Pivnenko, 2005;Miller and Chiswick, 1992;Picot and Hou, 2011;Mata, 1999), Germany (Steinhardt, 2012;Constant et al, 2007;Euwals et al, 2010;Gathmann and Keller, 2018;Gathmann and Monscheuer, 2020;Sajons, 2019); Sweden (Scott, 2008;Engdahl, 2011;Bevelander, 2000;Kogan, 2010;Helgertz et al, 2014;; Norway (Bratsberg and Raaum, 2011;Hayfron, 2008); Switzerland (Hainmueller et al, 2019;Steinhardt, 2011Steinhardt, , 2012; Netherlands (Peters et al, 2017(Peters et al, , 2019Euwals et al, 2010;Bevelander and Veenman, 2006); France (Fougère and Safi, 2009;Govind, 2020;Jarreau, 2020), Austria (Kogan, 2010);Denmark (Helgertz et al, 2014); Belgium (Corluy et al, 2011); and other countries as well in a variety of cross-national comparis...…”