The receptor function of galactosyltransferase during cellular interactions

Shur, Barry D.

doi:10.1007/bf00222492

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This possibility is based on the fact that several glycosidases participate in cellular interaction phenomena such as influenza virus (Cronwell and Lonberg-Holm, 1986). Mycoplasma (Roberts et al, 1989) and Trypanosoma cruzi (Schenkman et al, 1991) adhesion/invasion, without necessarily cleaving their substrates (Roseman, 1970;Shur, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of cell wall chitin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to resistance to Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin

Takita

Castilho

1993

Yeast

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Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin causes sensitive strains of a variety of yeasts to arrest at the G1 stage of the cell cycle, and to lose viability. We describe here the isolation and characterization of a class of recessive mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that leads to toxin resistance and a temperature-sensitive phenotype. These mutant cells arrest growth at 37 degrees C with a characteristic phenotype of elongated buds. Cloning of the gene complementing these defects revealed it to be CAL1, coding for chitin synthase 3 activity. Calcofluor staining of the mutant cells indicated that chitin is absent both at 23 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Given that the CAL1 activity is responsible for the synthesis of most of chitin in yeast cells, and that in its absence the cells are viable but resistant to the killer toxin, our results strongly suggest that chitin might represent the receptor for this killer toxin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of cell wall chitin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to resistance to Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin

Takita

Castilho

1993

Yeast

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“…This has been referred to as the Roth hypothesis. Substantial evidence is now available to implicate this mechanism in a variety of cell adhesion or recognition events including cell migration, fertilization, bacterial adhesion, cell differentiation, and immune recognition (Pierce et al, 1980;Shur, 1984). Shur (1982Shur ( , 1983 has recently demonstrated that embryonal carcinoma cells express in their surface membrane a lactosaminoglycan (LAG) composed of repeating Nacetyllactosamine disaccharides.…”

Section: Cell Adhesion Mechanism5mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implantation Reaction

Parr

1989

Biology of the Uterus

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The evolution of the reproductive process has resulted in the development of elaborate adaptive mechanisms to ensure the survival of the offspring. In viviparous animals such adaptations include the development of complex and diverse forms of implantation and placentation in order to support the attachment and development of embryos in utero. The implantation process exhibits remarkable diversity among species, most prominently in the extent of trophoblastic invasion into the uterus. Yet the general aim of implantation is accomplished in all species: to attach the embryo to the uterine wall and to establish an intimate union between maternal and fetal tissues so that an exchange of nutrients and waste products can occur. The details of the earliest interactions between the blastocyst and endometrium have been the focus of extensive study. It is our purpose to summarize some of the more important developments in this field since the publication of Finn's fine review of the subject in the second edition of this book (Finn, 1977). In this chapter we have chosen to discuss four aspects of the implantation process: (1) adhesion of the trophoblast to the uterine epithelium; (2) increased vascular permeability at implantation sites; (3) the decidual cell reaction; and (4) loss of epithelial cells surrounding the implanting blastocyst. Our discussion is based primarily on the results of investigations using common laboratory animals, namely, the rat, mouse, and rabbit. In addition, other recent reviews and symposia may be of interest to the reader (Weitlauf

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“…The basic molecular mechanism that mediates gamete recognition in mouse is not unique to this one particular window in development, but represents a specific spatially and temporally restricted variation of a more universal developmental program. Collective studies demonstrate that surface GalTase participates in multiple cellular interactions during embryonic development and in the adult [for review, see Shur, 1984;Shur, 19881. Ga1Tase:LAG interactions function during intercellular adhesion in the preimplantation mouse embryo and between F9 embryonal carcinoma cells [Shur, 1983;Bayna et al, 1985, 19881. It has also been suggested that a similar Ga1Tase:LAG cell adhesion system operates between mouse uterine epithelial cells [Dutt et al, 19871. GalTase is the only glycosyltransferase detectable on mesenchymal cell surfaces and a correlation exists between altered surface GalTase activity and genetically altered cell migration [Shur, 19821. In vitro studies of quail neural crest cells and primary embryonic mouse mesenchymal cells have shown that surface GalTase functions during cell migration by binding complementary substrates in the underlying basal lamina [Runyan et al, 1986a;Eckstein et al, 19861.…”

Section: Galtase Functions During Other Cellular Interactions In Devementioning

confidence: 99%

Protein‐carbohydrate complementarity in mammalian gamete recognition

1988

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Recent studies suggest that gamete recognition in a number of species is mediated by complementary proteins and carbohydrates on opposing gamete surfaces. Studies in invertebrates and vertebrates have shown that carbohydrate-binding proteins on the sperm surface recognize and bind to complementary glycoconjugates on the egg's extracellular coat. This chapter reviews our current knowledge of gamete recognition in the mouse. The complementary receptors for both mouse sperm and egg have been identified, purified, and characterized. Their synthesis during gametogenesis has been defined, as have the effects of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction on their expression and distribution. Their relationship to gamete receptors that function in other species is discussed. Finally, evidence is presented that suggests that one of the receptors that mediate mouse gamete recognition belongs to a family of cell surface receptors that function during multiple cellular interactions in development.Key words: acrosome reaction, capacitation, galactosyltransferase, gamete receptors, glycoconjugates, lectins, spermatogenesis, zona pellucida INTRODUCTIONThe binding and union of two separate gametes to form a new organism has intrigued investigators for the last century. In 1913, F.R. Lillie proposed that complementary cell surface receptors mediate gamete recognition and binding [Lillie, 19131, but not until the last 15 years has progress been made toward identifying these receptors.Although the molecular mechanisms underlying gamete recognition and fusion are yet to be clearly resolved, a recurring theme extends throughout several orders of the animal kingdom. It appears that sperm surface carbohydrate-binding proteins mediate gamete recognition by binding with high affinity and specificity to complex glycoconjugates of the egg coat (Fig. 1) species, sperm interactions with the egg coat are species specific. This specificity is attributed to complementarity between interacting molecules on opposing gamete surfaces. It is not surprising that interactions between complementary cell surface proteins and glycoconjugates participate in fertilization, since a number of somatic cells appear to utilize a similar paradigm for intercellular recognition [Damsky et al., 1984; Ivatt, 19841. This chapter will focus primarily on the manner in which glycoconjugate recognition mediates the initial phases of gamete interaction during fertilization. A brief overview is presented to indicate that gamete recognition is mediated in a number of systems by protein-carbohydrate complementarity. To illustrate this concept more fully, the discussion focuses on one of the more thoroughly characterized systems-the mouse. The cell surface molecules that mediate gamete recognition in the mouse have been identified and characterized, as have their expression during gametogenesis and their fate following initial gamete interaction. A brief discussion follows of analogous mechanisms in other species, and in other cellular interactions. PROTEIN: CARBOHYDR...

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The receptor function of galactosyltransferase during cellular interactions

Cited by 45 publications

References 72 publications

Absence of cell wall chitin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to resistance to Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin

Absence of cell wall chitin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to resistance to Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin

The Implantation Reaction

Protein‐carbohydrate complementarity in mammalian gamete recognition

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