The Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship between Executive Dysfunction and Happiness in Korean Children

Sung, Yoonhee; Choi, Eunsil

doi:10.3390/ijerph18157764

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In a follow-up study, it is necessary to reveal how EFD transitions over time and what factors affect the transition through latent transition analysis. Variables that predict or correlate with EF or EFD identified in previous studies have been reported in various areas: child-related ( Jacobsen et al 2017 ; Sung and Choi 2021 ; Tillman et al 2015 ; Wang and Zhou 2019 ), parent-related ( Altenburger and Schoppe-Sullivan 2021 ; De Cock et al 2017 ; Gustafsson et al 2015 ; Hughes et al 2013 ; Lucassen et al 2015 ; Meuwissen and Englund 2016 ), and home-related ( Last et al 2018 ; Sarsour et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In our study, children’s happiness and home environment factors were also major predictors. It has been reported that positive psychological factors, such as children’s self-esteem ( Bajaj et al 2016 ; He et al 2021 ) and happiness ( Choi and Choi 2019 ; Sung and Choi 2021 ) also affect the development of children’s EF. In addition, a rich home environment is favorable to children’s EF ( Dilworth-Bart et al 2007 ; Sarsour et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low self-esteem due to adaptation difficulties heightens fear of rejection and failure and complicates EF operation ( He et al 2021 ; Tillman et al 2015 ). The child’s EFD and happiness become a reciprocal longitudinal relationship ( Sung and Choi 2021 ). However, it is necessary to examine the relationship between EFD and various behavioral problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a Bayesian Network Learning Model to Predict Longitudinal Trajectories of Executive Function Difficulties in Elementary School Students

Goh

Jeon

2022

J. Intell.

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Executive function is the mental ability to modulate behavior or thinking to accomplish a task. This is developmentally important for children’s academic achievements and ability to adjust to school. We classified executive function difficulties (EFDs) in longitudinal trajectories in Korean children from 7 to 10 years old. We found predictors of EFDs using latent class growth analysis and Bayesian network learning methods with Panel Study data. Three types of latent class models of executive function difficulties were identified: low, intermediate, and high EFDs. The modeling performance of the high EFD group was excellent (AUC = .91), and the predictors were the child’s gender, temperamental emotionality, happiness, DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) anxiety problems, and the mother’s depression as well as coparenting conflict recognized by the mother. The results show that using latent class growth analysis and Bayesian network learning are helpful in classifying the longitudinal EFD patterns in elementary school students. Furthermore, school-age EFD is affected by emotional problems in parents and children that continue from early life. These findings can support children’s development and prevent risk by preclassifying children who may experience persistent EFD and tracing causes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of a Bayesian Network Learning Model to Predict Longitudinal Trajectories of Executive Function Difficulties in Elementary School Students

Goh

Jeon

2022

J. Intell.

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“…Child happiness was assessed using six items of a child self-report from an instrument developed previously [54] and then translated and revised by the PSKC for better understanding [55]. A survey researcher conducted in-person visits to the participants' households.…”

Section: Child Happinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Broader Parental Factors with Children’s Happiness and Weight Status through Child Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Screen Time: A Longitudinal Modeling Analysis of South Korean Families

Kim,

Wallander,

Kim

2024

IJERPH

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This study investigated how broader parental factors including parental happiness, parental play engagement, and parenting stress are related to Korean children’s happiness and weight status across three years via indirect pathways through the children’s energy-related behaviors of healthy and unhealthy food intake, physical activity, and screen time. Data from 1551 Korean parent pairs and 7-year-old children in the Panel Study on Korean Children were analyzed. A path analysis and gender-based multi-group analysis were conducted. Maternal happiness was negatively related to child screen time. Maternal play engagement showed positive concurrent associations with child healthy food intake and physical activity and negative associations with screen time. Maternal parenting stress was negatively related to child healthy eating. There was one significant finding related to fathers’ role on children’s energy-related behaviors, happiness, and weight status: the positive association between parental happiness and boys’ unhealthy food intake. Child screen time was positively related to child weight status and negatively to child happiness at each age. Broader maternal parenting factors can serve as a protective factor for childhood happiness and weight status in 7-to-9-year-olds through being associated with a reduction in child screen time.

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“…EF plays a role in many aspects of one’s life, including academic success and physical and mental health. Better EF abilities have been linked to higher happiness ( Sung and Choi, 2021 ), health behaviors ( Hall et al, 2008 ; Allan et al, 2016 ), emotional regulation ( Groves et al, 2021 ), mind-wandering ( Kane et al, 2007 ; Unsworth and Robison, 2016 ), resilience ( Zhang et al, 2019 ), academic achievement ( Ahmed et al, 2019 ), and social competence ( Fong and Iarocci, 2020 ). Therefore, there has been evidence that higher EF abilities relate to higher well-being in youth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth pre-pandemic executive function relates to year one COVID-19 difficulties

2023

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IntroductionThe first year of the COVID-19 pandemic presented a series of stressors that could relate to psychological difficulties in children and adolescents. Executive functioning (EF) supports goal achievement and is associated with life success, and better outcomes following early life adversity. EF is also strongly related to processing speed, another predictor of life outcomes.MethodsThis longitudinal study examined 149 youths’ pre-pandemic EF and processing speed abilities as predictors of self-reported emotional, cognitive, and social experiences during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. EF and processing speed were measured with a total of 11 behavioral tasks. The COVID-era data was collected during two timepoints, during early (May-July 2020) and mid- (January-March of 2021) pandemic.ResultsBetter pre-pandemic EF skills and processing speed abilities predicted more mid-COVID-19 pandemic emotional and cognitive difficulties. On the other hand, better switching (a subcomponent of EF) and processing speed abilities predicted more mid-pandemic social interactions. EF and processing speed abilities did not relate to the well-being reports from the initial months of the pandemic. Our EF - but not processing speed - results were largely maintained when controlling for pre-pandemic mental health burden, socioeconomic status (SES), and gender.DiscussionBetter cognitive abilities may have contributed to worse mid-pandemic functioning by supporting the meta-cognition needed for attending to the chaotic and ever-changing pandemic news and advice, leading to higher stress-induced worry and rumination. Our study highlights a potential downside of higher EF – often largely viewed as a protective factor - in youth.

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The Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship between Executive Dysfunction and Happiness in Korean Children

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Application of a Bayesian Network Learning Model to Predict Longitudinal Trajectories of Executive Function Difficulties in Elementary School Students

Application of a Bayesian Network Learning Model to Predict Longitudinal Trajectories of Executive Function Difficulties in Elementary School Students

Associations of Broader Parental Factors with Children’s Happiness and Weight Status through Child Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Screen Time: A Longitudinal Modeling Analysis of South Korean Families

Youth pre-pandemic executive function relates to year one COVID-19 difficulties

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