The reciprocal relationship between parent–child connectedness and adolescent emotional functioning over 5 years

Body Image Development within the Family: Attachment Dynamics and Parental Attitudes in Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies

“…Boutelle et al studied the connectedness, the sense of closeness and belonging within the family, in relation to body image longitudinally [53,54]. In the family viewed as a system every member influences the other and is in turn influenced by him/her.…”

Biopsychosocial Model of Dietary Restraint in Early Adolescent Boys

“…Because early adolescent boys' identities are unstable (McConnell, 2011;Tesser, 2000), they may feel socially uncertain and, thus, will compare themselves to others in these target groups to determine what is expected of them and whether they approximate societal and peer-group ideals. Because physical appearance is a central component of boys' identities, particularly as they transition through puberty, they will make bodily comparisons between themselves and others in hopes of reducing their social unease (Boutelle, Eisenberg, Gregory, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2009;Brown & Ross, 2010;Heatherton & Vohs, 2000).…”

Exploring the connection between parental trait anxiety and adolescent emotional intelligence.

“…Boutelle, Eisenberg, Gregory, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2009;Coplan, Reichel, & Rowan, 2009;Whaley et al, 1999). As summarized by Strelau and Zawadzki (2010), " [trait] anxiety and temperamental constructs similar to anxiety may be considered as predispositions favouring the development of emotional disorders, but also the opposite may occur -emotionality disorders may trigger changes in temperament" (p. 2).…”

“…The observer scores were not used to adjust the self-reports in any way so, even though the observer reports were used as a sort of check measure for the student reports, it is possible that the adolescent self-reports are still unduly reflective of low self-esteem and/or depressive symptoms as was noted by Boutelle et al (2009) Besides the failure of the EQ-i:YV-0 assessments to facilitate any adjustments of the adolescents' assessment scores, it is also possible that particular aspects of adolescent personality or disposition were not sufficiently controlled for in the data collection process.…”

“…Secure attachment, demonstrated to be related to children's enhanced ability at interpreting mixed emotions at six years of age (Steele, Steele, Croft, & Fonagy, 1999), has been implicated in children's ability to better tolerate frustration (Grossmann et al, 2008). For adolescent children in particular, secure attachment and connection to a parent has been found to be a protective factor in the development of emotional functioning where higher EI abilities have been found to be positively related to the connectedness between the child and the parent (Boutelle et al, 2009). This ability is likely related to the children's inner working models that facilitate the autonomous regulation of arousal states and affect (Cassidy, 1994;Schore, 1994).…”