The recognition of functional units as an aid to tree management, with particular reference to veteran trees

Lonsdale, David

doi:10.1080/03071375.2013.883214

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Each of these functional units can cater for their own energy requirements and take up water and nutrients from the closest part of the root system. Even if there may be a connection between these units, they can respond, for example, differently to the same type and amount of pruning (Lonsdale 2013a). This may be an advantage in terms of ash dieback because the fungus has difficulties in moving through a more complex branch structure (Gross et al 2014) and it can thus not as easily girdle the entire stem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ash dieback on veteran trees in southwestern Sweden

Bengtsson¹,

Stenström

Wheater

et al. 2021

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Ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) is a fungal disease which affects ash throughout Sweden. Monitoring to study of the impact of ash dieback on veteran trees was undertaken in southwest Sweden in 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2020. The study found that 94.5% of the ash trees observed were affected by ash dieback disease in 2020 compared with 62% in 2009. 70 of the studied ash trees have died (21%) since the monitoring began. In 2009 there was no relationship between girth and ash dieback, but in 2020 the correlation between girth and the impact of ash dieback was statistically significant. In 2020, also for the first time during monitoring, the ash trees in the shade were significantly more affected by ash dieback, compared with trees standing in the open. This difference was not detected in 2013 or 2015. The effect of ash dieback on pollarded trees has varied between the years studied, but in 2020 there is no longer any significant difference between the pollarded and the non-pollarded ash trees. There was however a significant difference in the mortality rates between the groups of trees, with ash trees pollarded in more recent times having the highest mortality. Therefore, the recommendation in relation to veteran trees with ash dieback is that all pruning on veteran ash trees should be avoided. Pollarding should only be done on ash pollards that are in a regular cutting cycle and are not showing any symptoms of ash dieback. If possible, clear around old ash trees if they are in shaded conditions. Given that there are relatively few studies on the impact of ash dieback on veteran ash trees, the results of this study should also be relevant outside of Sweden and for the management of ash trees in non-woodland situations. Key words: Ash dieback, pollards, veteran trees, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, ash

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ash dieback on veteran trees in southwestern Sweden

Bengtsson¹,

Stenström

Wheater

et al. 2021

BALT FOR

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“…The authors conducted long-term observations and detailed studies in both sites; hence the essential source of data are dendrological inventories made in the years: Ursynów -2003and 2011and Królikarnia -2006and 2013. Tree stand inventories were made in similar seasons of the year (summer-autumn), taking into account the following parameters: trunk circumference at the height of 1.3 m, tree height, crown width, assessment of health condition and habit maintenance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mature and ageing trees growing in historic urban parks remain in a delicate biological and ecological balance (Dobbertin, 2005;Mencuccini et al, 2005;Day et al, 2010;Watson & Hewitt, 2012;Stratópoulos et al, 2019). It is because their adaptation ability to environmental changes is very limited (Mencuccini et al, 2005;Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz et al, 2012;Watson & Hewitt 2012;Lonsdale et al, 2013;Dujesiefken et al, 2016). Meanwhile, increasing anthropopression is conducive to a broad spectrum of stress factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Earthworks on Older Trees in Historical Parks

Łukaszkiewicz

Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz

Borowski

2022

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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The publication aims to investigate the quantitative impact of linear earthworks in urban parks, e.g. during roads’ and pavements’ modernization in the old trees’ root zones, on the increment in their external parameters (e.g. trunk circumference). Pilot studies (Warsaw, Poland) were carried out 2003–2019 in two historical parks: Ursynów and Królikarnia. The dataset of trees’ parameters is based on detailed dendrological inventories. Test groups consisted of trees exposed to damage and not exposed to damage (Ursynów) and the control group – trees growing in unchanged site conditions (Królikarnia). Among the three most abundant species of dendroflora, Norway maples (Acer platanoides L.) show the most visible difference (>1.8 cm) between the normal and the inhibited growth in trunk circumference. Two other species – black locusts (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and small-leaved limes (Tilia cordata Mill.) – also revealed statistically significant differences in the increment of the trunk circumference (respectively: >1.3 cm and >1.4 cm). In general, the reaction of affected trees was a significant reduction of circumference increments from 2.6 to 4.0 times concerning trees not exposed to damage. The verification made with the resistograph in 2019 confirmed a statistically significant decrease in radial increments of trees remaining in the impact zone of the earthworks.

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“…Understanding the ways in which trees function, and how best to assess or evaluate condition and behaviour, is hugely important but potentially complex. It is in this context that David Lonsdale (Lonsdale, 2013) presents his paper on tree functional units. This review of tree development and behaviour is a very significant and helpful step to enable practitioners to understand better the ways in which trees grow and their component parts interact.…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 98%

Climate, extreme weather and storms keep trees in focus

Rotherham¹

2013

Arboricultural Journal

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The recognition of functional units as an aid to tree management, with particular reference to veteran trees

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

The impact of ash dieback on veteran trees in southwestern Sweden

The impact of ash dieback on veteran trees in southwestern Sweden

The Impact of Earthworks on Older Trees in Historical Parks

Climate, extreme weather and storms keep trees in focus

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