The Recolonization Concentration Concept: Using Avoidance Assays with Soil Organisms to Predict the Recolonization Potential of Contaminated Sites

Abstract

In this study the recolonization concentration concept for soil organisms is presented and validated. This concept is based on the empirically deduced avoidance–recolonization hypothesis, which shows a negative correlation between avoidance (ACx) and recolonization (RCx) (ACx = RC100-x) responses. The concept was validated in a two-step approach composed by (i) individual placement tests, to demonstrate the non-influence of individual placement in a dual chamber avoidance test and (ii) small scale gradient tests to demonstrate that the number of colonizers reaching a soil patch with a certain concentration is independent on their previous exposure to lower concentrations. Overall, data show that avoidance data can be used, when framed under the recolonization concentration concept, to evaluate the recolonization potential of contaminated sites. The recolonization concept is an important theoretical concept that when coupled with spatial modelling tools could be used to tackle the spatial and temporal recovery dynamics of contaminated soil.

Copper Toxicity on Eisenia Fetida in a Vineyard Soil: A Combined Study with Standard Tests, Genotoxicity Assessment, and Gut Metagenomic Analysis

“…Lukkari et al (2005), found that Aporrectodea tuberculata begins to avoid Cu-contaminated soil at around 50 mg/kg, and from 79 mg/kg onwards, the habitat limit threshold was exceeded. In a recent work by Renaud et al (2022), avoidance test results were expressed as contaminant concentrations (AC) that could limit 50 and 80% of the individuals, namely AC50 and AC80; in that work, it was found that the Cu AC50 and AC80 for Eisenia andrei in the tested soil were 49.5 mg/kg and 112 mg/kg, respectively. In the present study, already at 110 mg/kg of Cu contamination, 76% of earthworms avoided the soil (NR of 52%), while at 165 mg/kg, the avoidance reached 88% (NR of 76%).…”