The recovery of gallic acid from wastewater by extraction with tributyl phosphate/4-methyl-2-pentanone/n-hexane, tributyl phosphate/n-octanol/n-hexane and n-hexanol

Abstract

Gallic acid recovery was investigated using two extraction solvent systems. The three most influential parameters obtained through univariate experiments were further optimized by BBD resulting in an enhancement of the extraction rate.

Removal of Fluorine from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Using a Solvent Extraction Technique with Tributyl Phosphate and Silicon Oil

“…These results may be explained by the reaction of hydrogen ions with fluoride ions to form HF and the combination of TBP with HF through hydrogen bond formation, thereby causing the fluorine ions in the aqueous phase to distribute into the organic phase. 15 Second, temperatures ranging from 15 to 100 °C were tested to investigate their impact on the % E. The other reaction conditions were set as follows: pH −0.46, volume ratio (TBP/ SIO v/v) of 1:1, phase ratio (O/A) of 1:5, stirring speed of 200 rpm, and reaction time of 1 h. As shown in Figure 1a, % E increased from 38.4 to 95.7% with increasing temperature and reached its maximum value of 95.7% at 100 °C. However, when the temperature exceeds 75 °C, the increase in % E gradually slows because temperature has an important effect on the thermodynamics of the reaction process.…”

“…These results may be explained by the reaction of hydrogen ions with fluoride ions to form HF and the combination of TBP with HF through hydrogen bond formation, thereby causing the fluorine ions in the aqueous phase to distribute into the organic phase. 15…”

Reactive Extraction as an Intensifying Approach for the Recovery of Organic Acids from Aqueous Solution: A Comprehensive Review on Experimental and Theoretical Studies

“…127−129 The selective studies on reactive extraction of organic acids with aminic extractants, phosphoric extractants, and hydrophobic ionic liquids are mentioned in Tables 4, 5, and 6, respectively. citric acid, 158 gallic acid, 92,96,171,172 propionic acid, 89,94,111 itaconic, 169,173 maleic acid, 173 malic acid, 173 oxalic acid, 173 tartaric acid, 173 succinic acid, 173 nicotinic acid, 71,174 isonicotinic acid, 135 caproic acid, 81,175,176 lactic acid, 177 formic acid, 80 penicillin G, 136 glycolic acid, 161 picolinic acid, 83,84,137,178 acetic acid, 94 butyric acid, 94 valeric acid, 94 phenylacetic acid, 179 chlorophenol, 180 acrylic acid 93 trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO) nicotinic acid, 71 glyoxylic acid, 181 glycolic acid, 181 acrylic acid, 181 benzoic acid 181 di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) penicillin G, 136 picolinic acid, 84 pantothenic acid 85 tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) picolinic acid, 84 nicotinic acid, 182 propionic acid, …”

N-Doped Yellow-Emissive Carbon Nanodots from Gallic Acid: Reaction Engineering, Stimuli-Responsive Red Emission, and Intracellular Localization

“…Accounting for the issues associated with the scaling up of a synthesis method, gallic acid is chosen here as a substrate, which is a naturally occurring triphenolic compound and commonly available among bioresources 19 and is also found in industrial waste. 20,21 Nevertheless, gallic acid has been used primarily as an antioxidant and in a few cases as catalysts for organic transformations. 22,23 Apart from that, the gallic acid has only one identical reactive site (i.e., ortho positions) and thus minimizes the statistical probability of byproducts (Scheme 1).…”

“…Accounting for the issues associated with the scaling up of a synthesis method, gallic acid is chosen here as a substrate, which is a naturally occurring triphenolic compound and commonly available among bioresources and is also found in industrial waste. , Nevertheless, gallic acid has been used primarily as an antioxidant and in a few cases as catalysts for organic transformations. , Apart from that, the gallic acid has only one identical reactive site (i.e., ortho positions) and thus minimizes the statistical probability of byproducts (Scheme ). On the other hand, dimethylformamide (DMF) is frequently used as a solvent for nanomaterial synthesis, polymerization, alkylation, decarboxylation, and also various types of organic reactions. − DMF is employed as a reagent in organic reactions, such as the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, the Friedel–Crafts reaction, and Beckmann rearrangement. , Dimethylformamide is hence chosen to serve as a dual-purpose solvent and reactant for the one-pot solvothermal reaction with gallic acid.…”