The Recovery of Mice from Influenza Virus Infection: Adoptive Transfer of Immunity with Immune T Lymphocytes

Abstract

Transfer of primary or secondary influenza-immune spleen cells to mice infected intranasally with influenza virus resulted in a significant clearance of virus from the lungs and the protection of the recipients from death. The antiviral activity was associated only with intact, viable cells and was not due to carryover of virus. The effector cell population responsible for the antiviral effect was shown to be T cells. Thus, the removal of adherent, phagocytic and Ig+ cells did not affect the antiviral activity, whereas it was destroyed with antitheta serum and complement. Antiviral activity was specific and was best expressed if the virus used to infect the recipients and to generate immune cells was the same strain. Further work will be necessary to define rigorously the role of different viral antigens in cell-mediated immune response to influenza virus infection.

GENERATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS SPECIFIC DELAYED TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY T CELLS IN VITRO. SECONDARY EFFECTOR CELLS.

“…Another finding is the requirement for H-2 sharing for successful demonstration of cellular activity. Tc cells generated either in vivo or in vitro require K,D compatibility between effector cells and target cells for killing to be observed (Yap and Ada, 1977). However, the Td cells generated in vitro., like their counterparts generated in vivo, require IA compatibility between donor and recipient for successful transfer of DTH activity.…”

“…It has been shown (Yap and Ada, 1977) that potent secondary influenza virus specific cytotoxic T cells can be generated in vitro by restimulation of spleen cells from mice primed with infectious virus (10' HAU) 3 weeks or more previously. Maximal cytotoxicity was detected after 5 days' culture.…”

Heterologous protection against lethal A/HongKong/156/97 (H5N1) influenza virus infection in C57BL/6 mice

“…This form of immunity, referred to as heterosubtypic immunity, is unable to prevent reinfection per se, but can reduce the maximal viral load, mediate faster viral clearance, and provide in animal models a substantial degree of protection against challenge with a lethal dose of virus (Anker et al, 1978 ;Flynn et al, 1998 ;Liang et al, 1994 ;Nguyen et al, 1999 ;Rimmelzwaan & Osterhaus, 1995 ;Schulman & Kilbourne, 1965 ;Schulman et al, 1977). Mouse studies indicate that heterosubtypic immunity is mediated by both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, although the CD8 + subset is generally considered to be more important (Liang et al, 1994 ;Yap & Ada, 1978). These T cells are primed during the primary response to infection and then persist in the animal after viral clearance and are able to respond more vigorously to a secondary challenge.…”

Lymphocyte proliferative responses to human immunodeficiency virus antigens in vitro.

“…Very little is known, however, of the roles of adaptive immune responses, particularly of cellmediated responses to specific HIV antigens, in controlling the pathogenesis of HIV infections. Cell-mediated immunity appears to be important in controlling other types of viral infections (20)(21)(22), suggesting that some of these types of responses may also be beneficial to HIV-infected individuals.…”