The red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense shows anti-snake venom toxic effects

Silva, Geisiane Alves da; Domingos, Thaisa Francielle Souza; Fonseca, Rainiomar Raimundo; Sanchez, Eládio Flores; Teixeira, Valéria Laneuville; Fuly, André Lopes

doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0002-2

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The use of plant compounds or extracts – including flavonoids – may inhibit totally or partially the lethality and hemorrhages induced by BjV ( da Silva et al, 2015 ; de Souza et al, 2020 ; Domingos et al, 2015 ; Ferreira et al, 2019 ), however the compounds and mechanisms by which this inhibition occurs have not been described yet. Inasmuch as rutin and RS completely inhibited the lethality evoked by BjV and modulated BjV-induced hemostatic disturbances, it is likely that this effect is also due to a direct action in the organism, hindering the damaging consequences of envenomation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioflavonoids Rutin and Rutin Succinate Neutralize the Toxins of B. jararaca Venom and Inhibit its Lethality

et al. 2022

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The venom of the Brazilian pit viper Bothrops jararaca (BjV) is a complex mixture of molecules, and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) and serine proteinases (SVSP) are the most abundant protein families found therein. Toxins present in BjV trigger most of the deleterious disturbances in hemostasis observed in snakebites, i.e., thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia and bleedings. The treatment of patients bitten by snakes still poses challenges and the bioflavonoid rutin has already been shown to improve hemostasis in an experimental model of snakebite envenomation. However, rutin is poorly soluble in water; in this study, it was succinylated to generate its water-soluble form, rutin succinate (RS), which was analyzed comparatively regarding the chemical structure and characteristic features of rutin. Biological activities of rutin and RS were compared on hemostatic parameters, and against toxic activities of crude BjV in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected i.p. with either BjV alone or pre-incubated with rutin, RS or 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phe, an SVMP inhibitor), and the survival rates and hemostatic parameters were analyzed 48 h after envenomation. RS showed the characteristic activities described for rutin – i.e., antioxidant and inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase – but also prolonged the clotting time of fibrinogen and plasma in vitro. Differently from rutin, RS inhibited typical proteolytic activities of SVMP, as well as the coagulant activity of BjV. Importantly, both rutin and RS completely abrogated the lethal activity of BjV, in the same degree as o-phe. BjV induced hemorrhages, falls in RBC counts, thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia in mice. Rutin and RS also improved the recovery of platelet counts and fibrinogen levels, and the development of hemorrhages was totally blocked in mice injected with BjV incubated with RS. In conclusion, RS has anticoagulant properties and is a novel SVMP inhibitor. Rutin and RS showed different mechanisms of action on hemostasis. Only RS inhibited directly BjV biological activities, even though both flavonoids neutralized B. jararaca toxicity in vivo. Our results showed clearly that rutin and RS show a great potential to be used as therapeutic compounds for snakebite envenomation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioflavonoids Rutin and Rutin Succinate Neutralize the Toxins of B. jararaca Venom and Inhibit its Lethality

et al. 2022

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“…Due to their tendency to trigger hypersensitivity reactions in sensitive people, antivenoms cannot be used to treat snake venom poisoning. An investigation into whether antagonizing snake venom's hepatotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties are the same as antagonizing other systemic actions is important [71]. New plants must be tested regularly to further our understanding of complementary and alternative medicine.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snakebite Envenoming: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Potential Treatments Role of Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Alshammari¹

2022

Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci

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Since snakebite has been a medical problem for many decades, very little progress has been made in reducing the number of people who die. Snakebite kills millions of people worldwide each year, and many more are severely harmed. A wide range of bioactivities, including bleeding, inflammation, and discomfort, as well as cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, and neurotoxic effects, are involved in snake venom's envenomation. Numerous toxin-rich proteins may be found in the venomous snake species whose antivenoms collectively include hundreds of poisons. Despite extensive research efforts, most snake venom toxins are still unidentified. Recently developed bioinformatics techniques for mining snake venom have facilitated an experimental study on the most interesting potentially toxic substances. Several computational approaches can predict toxin molecular targets and the binding manner to these sites. Modern bioinformatics is utilized to examine snake venom proteins, in addition to the usage of herbs in their therapy is also discussed in this study. Efforts should be made to ensure the availability of safe and effective antivenoms in low-income tropical countries at reasonable rates and to ensure their correct clinical usage in these nations.

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“…Additionally, several marine natural products are able to inhibit the toxic effects of snake venoms, such as extracts from Plocamium braziliense [ 34 ], Canistrocarpus cervicornis [ 35 ] and seaweed Prasiola crispa [ 36 ]. The marine extracts that also inhibit PLA 2 activity include manoalide [ 37 ], vidalols, and a group of terpenoids that contain masked 1,4-dicarbonyl moieties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties

Oliveira

Caldeira

Diniz-Sousa

et al. 2018

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundCnidarians produce toxins, which are composed of different polypeptides that induce pharmacological effects of biotechnological interest, such as antitumor, antiophidic and anti-clotting activities. This study aimed to evaluate toxicological activities and potential as antitumor and antiophidic agents contained in total extracts from five cnidarians: Millepora alcicornis, Stichodactyla helianthus, Plexaura homomalla, Bartholomea annulata and Condylactis gigantea (total and body wall).MethodsThe cnidarian extracts were evaluated by electrophoresis and for their phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, neuromuscular blocking, muscle-damaging, edema-inducing and cytotoxic activities.ResultsAll cnidarian extracts showed indirect hemolytic activity, but only S. helianthus induced direct hemolysis and neurotoxic effect. However, the hydrolysis of NBD-PC, a PLA2 substrate, was presented only by the C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus. The extracts from P. homomalla and S. helianthus induced edema, while only C. gigantea and S. helianthus showed intensified myotoxic activity. The proteolytic activity upon casein and fibrinogen was presented mainly by B. annulata extract and all were unable to induce hemorrhage or fibrinogen coagulation. Cnidarian extracts were able to neutralize clotting induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, except M. alcicornis. All cnidarian extracts were able to inhibit hemorrhagic activity induced by Bothrops moojeni venom. Only the C. gigantea (body wall) inhibited thrombin-induced coagulation. All cnidarian extracts showed antitumor effect against Jurkat cells, of which C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus were the most active; however, only C. gigantea (body wall) and M. alcicornis were active against B16F10 cells.ConclusionThe cnidarian extracts analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms; these results may contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of interaction between cnidarian extracts and snake venoms.

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The red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense shows anti-snake venom toxic effects

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

The Bioflavonoids Rutin and Rutin Succinate Neutralize the Toxins of B. jararaca Venom and Inhibit its Lethality

The Bioflavonoids Rutin and Rutin Succinate Neutralize the Toxins of B. jararaca Venom and Inhibit its Lethality

Snakebite Envenoming: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Potential Treatments Role of Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties

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