The REE-composition and petrography of apatite in 2Ga Zaonega Formation, Russia: The environmental setting for phosphogenesis

Joosu, Lauri; Lepland, Aivo; Kirsimäe, Kalle; Romashkin, Alexander E.; Roberts, Nick M.W.; Martin, Adam P.; Črne, Alenka E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.11.013

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The most pristine sedimentary diagenetic apatite in the Zaonega Formation shares similar characteristics with D-type apatite in the Pilgujärvi SF. For example the negative Ce anomaly (0.6-0.9), and positive, but variable, Eu anomaly (1.3-5.6) in the Zaonega Formation apatites suggests precipitation in suboxic conditions in unconsolidated sediment below the seawater-sediment interface (Joosu et al, 2015). These conditions are similar to modern phosphogenic areas (e.g.…”

Section: Environmental Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Joosu et al, 2015 andWright et al, 1987). However, biologically precipitated apatite is a thermodynamically unstable, hydroxyapatite-like, poorly crystalline phase (Neary et al, 2011) that is readily recrystallized during diagenesis (Trueman, 2013).…”

Section: Environmental Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the relative enrichment and/or depletion of redox-sensitive REE element Ce can be used for interpreting the redox state of phosphogenetic environments. The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the environmental redox conditions recorded in the Pilgujärvi SF apatite with the suboxic-toanoxic redox conditions inferred for the depositional setting of the Zaonega Formation (Joosu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrography and the REE-composition of apatite in the Paleoproterozoic Pilgujärvi Sedimentary Formation, Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Russia

Joosu

Lepland

Kreitsmann

et al. 2016

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The first globally significant phosphorous-rich deposits appear in the Paleoproterozoic at around 2 Ga, however, the specific triggers leading to apatite precipitation are debated. We examine phosphorous-rich rocks (up to 8 wt% P 2 O 5 ) in 1.98-1.92 Ga old Pilgujärvi Sedimentary Formation, Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Russia. Phosphates in these rocks occur as locally derived and resedimented sand-to-gravel/pebble sized grains consisting of apatitecemented muddy sediments. Phosphatic grains can be subdivided into four petrographic types (A-D), each has a distinct REE signature reflecting different early-to-late diagenetic conditions and/or metamorphic overprint. Pyrite containing petrographic type D, which typically has a flat REE pattern, negative Ce anomaly and positive Eu anomaly, is the best preserved of the four types and best records conditions present during apatite precipitation. Type D phosphatic grains precipitated under (sub)oxic basinal conditions with a significant hydrothermal influence. These characteristics are similar to Zaonega Formation phosphates of NW Russia's Onega Basin, and consistent with phosphogenesis triggered by the development of anoxic(sulfidic)-(sub)oxic redoxclines at shallow sediment depth during the Paleoproterozoic.

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Section: Environmental Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Environmental Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrography and the REE-composition of apatite in the Paleoproterozoic Pilgujärvi Sedimentary Formation, Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Russia

Joosu

Lepland

Kreitsmann

et al. 2016

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…The strong negative Ce anomalies of bulk rocks are considered to have been derived from organic matter and reflected oxygenated surface water (Pi et al ., ). However, it is not necessarily true that for marine authigenic rocks, such as diagenetic apatites, organic matter may contribute insignificantly to the REE budget (Joosu et al ., ). Furthermore, in this study, the TOC concentrations of the Liuchapo cherts and the Jiumenchong phosphorite are rather low (<1 wt.% and 2.79 wt.%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Marine redox variations during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition on the Yangtze Platform, South China

Zhai

et al. 2016

Geological Journal

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The widely developed black shales on the Yangtze Platform recorded palaeoceanographic environment information during the EdiacaranCambrian transition. This paper describes an integrated geochemical study of rare earth elements (REEs), redox-sensitive trace elements (RSTEs), and total organic carbon (TOC) contents in Ediacaran-Cambrian black shales at Daotuo, northeastern Guizhou Province, South China. Integrated RSTE data from the Daotuo area, in combination with previously published Fe speciation and Mo-based proxies from another six sections (Shatan, Jiulongwan, Zhongling, Yangjiaping, Longbizui and Wuhe), suggest three major periods of water euxinia during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. Under these conditions, organic matter and RSTEs experienced various levels of enrichment in the black shales, especially in the lower Jiumenchong Formation. Given the patterns of Mo-U covariations, metal-oxyhydroxide particulate shuttles may have operated during the black shale deposition of the Doushantuo Formation (Member II) at Daotuo. Conspicuously, the upper slope water was oxic-dysoxic during the earliest Cambrian, as determined by the REE, RSTE data and sedimentological characteristics of the Liuchapo Formation and the basal Jiumenchong Formation. The generally low RSTE concentrations in the Bianmachong Formation black shales (Cambrian Series 2, end of Stage 3) suggest a persistently oxic water column in upper slope settings. The coincidence between the marine oxygenation and the development of the ecosystem likely indicates the galvanizing effects of enhanced oxygen and biological element content on the fauna during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition.

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“…Upwelling of deep ocean waters rich in phosphorus triggers high biological production in the photic zone and eventually high concentration of phosphorus in organic-rich sediments, as in recent Namibian and Peruan shelves [72], [73], [74], [75].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Rocks

Ptáček¹

2016

Apatites and Their Synthetic Analogues - Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications

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The REE-composition and petrography of apatite in 2Ga Zaonega Formation, Russia: The environmental setting for phosphogenesis

Cited by 43 publications

References 59 publications

Petrography and the REE-composition of apatite in the Paleoproterozoic Pilgujärvi Sedimentary Formation, Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Russia

Petrography and the REE-composition of apatite in the Paleoproterozoic Pilgujärvi Sedimentary Formation, Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Russia

Marine redox variations during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition on the Yangtze Platform, South China

Phosphate Rocks

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