The Reef Sulphur Cycle: Influence on Climate and Ecosystem Services

Jones, Graham B

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23763-3_3

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In contrast a distinct seasonal difference in DMS flux occurred for most coral reefs (reef summer flux estimates ranged from nd‐153 μmol·m −2 ·d −1 , mean 6.4, n = 237; winter fluxes ranged from 0.02 to 15, mean = 2.4, n = 156). The reef summer flux was similar to the global flux of 6.7 μmol·m −2 ·d −1 (Lana et al, ) and suggests that coral reefs in the western Pacific Ocean contribute significant amounts of DMS to the atmosphere of this region (Jones, ). In summer the range and mean DMS flux from the coral reefs of the GBR was often greater than summer DMS fluxes from the GBRL and adjacent Coral Sea (Table ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…However, it has now become apparent that the enhanced scattering of solar radiation from nss‐sulfate aerosols derived from oxidation of DMS a produced from coral reefs in the GBR could have a warming effect from the associated cloud‐aerosol radiative effects (Fischer & Jones, ; Jones et al, ). Our research has highlighted that when SSTs are >30 °C, corals shut down production of atmospheric DMS and DMS flux, and this could decrease AOD and low level cloud over the GBR causing SSTs to increase to 33–34 °C when mass coral bleaching can occur (Fischer & Jones, ; Jackson et al, ; Jones, ; Jones et al, ). The increased radiative forcing from clouds and aerosols can be as high as 4 times as large as the radiative forcing from a doubling of CO 2 levels in the atmosphere (Ramanathan et al, ) and needs to be taken into account when ascribing coral bleaching events in the GBR solely to GHG warming (Jones et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benthic coral reefs produce appreciable quantities of dimethylsulfide (DMS), a trace sulfur gas that is thought to be involved in climate regulation of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of coral reefs (Cropp et al, ; Fischer & Jones, ; Jones, ; Jones et al, ; Leahy et al, ). This potential coral reef‐climate feedback is similar to the well‐known global ocean‐climate feedback that involves production of DMS from pelagic phytoplankton, oxidation in the atmosphere to sulfate aerosols, formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and low level clouds, which in turn lower solar radiation and SSTs, thereby keeping ocean temperatures stable (Charlson et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Flux and Emission of Dimethylsulfide From the Great Barrier Reef Region and Potential Influence on the Climate of NE Australia

et al. 2018

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Concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfide (DMS), and DMS flux are reported for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Great Barrier Reef Lagoon (GBRL), and Coral Sea. Generally higher concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and DMS occurred in coral reef waters, compared with GBRL concentrations. DMS flux from GBR coral reefs in summer ranged from nondetectable to 153 μmol m−2 d−1 (mean 6.4), while winter fluxes ranged from 0.02 to 15 μmol m−2 d−1 (mean 2.4). No significant seasonal difference in DMS flux occurred for the GBRL. High DMSw concentrations and DMS fluxes periodically occur at coral reefs during very low tides and elevated sea surface temperatures (SSTs). For the GBRL and GBR coral reefs there was a significant correlation between seawater DMSw concentrations and SST (p < 0.001), up to temperatures of 30 °C. During coral bleaching DMS flux from reefs almost completely shuts down when SSTs are >30 °C. The GBRL and associated coral reefs emit 439 and 32 MmolS per year, respectively. Cyclones on average produce 170 MmolS to the GBR atmosphere in summer. This amount can markedly increase during severe cyclones such as severe tropical Cyclone Debbie in March 2017. Overall, the annual DMS emission estimate from the GBRL and coral reefs in the GBR is 0.64 GmolS, with cyclones contributing 27% or greater of the annual emission estimate, depending on the cyclone intensity. Oxidation of atmospheric DMS can potentially affect solar radiation, SSTs, low‐level cloud cover, and rainfall causing cooling and warming of the climate in the GBR region as recent modeling predicts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Flux and Emission of Dimethylsulfide From the Great Barrier Reef Region and Potential Influence on the Climate of NE Australia

et al. 2018

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“…This climate regulation is also thought to occur over coral reefs [18] [19] [20]. Variations in solar radiation can increase or decrease phytoplankton activity which in turn can increase or decrease seawater and atmospheric DMS [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a cloud cover-SST feedback occurs in the NE Pacific [22], and over coral reefs in the GBR [23], but it is not known whether DMS is implicated in these feedbacks. An increasing amount of evidence now suggests that a LLC climate feedback involving enhanced production of DMS a and other aerosols from coral reefs could occur in the GBR [18] [20], and indeed over reefs in the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) [24] [25]. For example, air masses that travel over coral reefs in the southern GBR contain ammonium sulfate aerosols ( Figure 1) derived mainly from the oxidation of DMS a which are likely produced from the GBRs coral reefs [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethylsulfide and Coral Bleaching: Links to Solar Radiation, Low Level Cloud and the Regulation of Seawater Temperatures and Climate in the Great Barrier Reef

Jones¹,

Curran²,

Swan³

et al. 2017

AJCC

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A characterization of clouds over the Great Barrier Reef and the role of local forcing

Zhao

Huang

Siems

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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A characterization of cloud properties associated with precipitation in the region around the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is constructed using decadelong (2007-2017) satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) combined with CloudSat. The spatial and vertical distributions of low-level cloud properties over the region are also investigated and discussed. In general, different cloud types are observed over different regions and vary by season: high clouds are dominant over the low latitudes in summer, altocumulus are mainly observed over northeast Queensland and low-level clouds are dominant over the ocean and coast during the winter months at higher latitudes under a trade wind regime. A strong latitudinal dependence of total precipitation across the Greater GBR region is identified with a significant orographic enhancement near Cairns in the wet tropics. MODIS and CloudSat-CALIPSO cloud observations show good agreement on significant differences in low-level cloud microphysical properties between the land and the ocean. The largest land-ocean differences in warm cloud microphysical properties are found over the mid-latitudes near 18 S, which is strongly associated with orographic forcing, with these enhancements extending further east to the coral reef area. However, the frequency of warm cloud is not enhanced upwind of the mountains in the wet tropics. In addition, no significant differences in warm cloud properties between the actual GBR and the open ocean are identified. These results suggest that low-level clouds over the GBR do not show any significant response to the reef-related microphysical perturbations.

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The Reef Sulphur Cycle: Influence on Climate and Ecosystem Services

Cited by 18 publications

References 96 publications

The Flux and Emission of Dimethylsulfide From the Great Barrier Reef Region and Potential Influence on the Climate of NE Australia

The Flux and Emission of Dimethylsulfide From the Great Barrier Reef Region and Potential Influence on the Climate of NE Australia

Dimethylsulfide and Coral Bleaching: Links to Solar Radiation, Low Level Cloud and the Regulation of Seawater Temperatures and Climate in the Great Barrier Reef

A characterization of clouds over the Great Barrier Reef and the role of local forcing

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