First, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. João Carlos Alves Barata for providing me with this project and for all the support and feedback given. His trust in me was essential for me to believe that I could finish this work.The research group was essential for me to get an extra feedback on my presentations. The insights of my colleagues would always make me think about something that I had not thought of before and were crucial for the development of this project. So, here my thanks goes to Ricardo Corrêa, Victor Chabu, Gabriel Barbosa, Lissa Campos, Marcos Brum, and to all the undergraduate students that participated.I thank all my friends in the Physics Institute for bringing joy to my day-to-day life and for sharing their insecurities regarding the academic life, which is not easy for anyone. So, thanks Caio, Gabriel, Giulio, Brenda, Carol, Felipe, Ivan, Lissa and Leandro for being part of my life. I admire you all, and spending time with you inspires me every day.I want to thank Agnes, whose company in the first months of the masters made it much easier for me to adapt to São Paulo and my new routine. Also, thanks to Mari,