The reference intervals for HE4, CA125 and ROMA in healthy female with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay

HE4 Tissue Expression and Serum HE4 Levels in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Benign or Malignant Tumors: A Systematic Review

“…So far, no optimal cutoff exist, as well as there is no consensus for correct parameters to include in the examination. Bolstad and colleagues (21) have suggested a set of baseline serum HE4 concentrations for men and women adjusted for age, and two recent studies (36,38) have suggested reference intervals of serum HE4 in healthy women at 65.87 pmol/L for premenopausal and 90.76 pmol/L for postmenopausal measured in the study with the largest group included (N ¼ 1,515 healthy women; ref. 38).…”

“…Furthermore, significantly higher median HE4 levels in serum are measured in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal (P < 0.001; refs. 36,38), and serum HE4 varies within the different phases of the menstrual cycle (39,40).…”

Physiopathological factors affecting the diagnostic value of serum HE4-test for gynecologic malignancies

“…The age span covered in this study is relatively narrow, and it is unclear if this discrepancy might be caused by the race factor. Yang et al investigated HE4 levels in 3641 healthy Chinese and found that HE4 levels were significantly higher in female older than 60 years than those in younger group, and no significant difference was existed among females younger than 60 years [43]. Data regarding HE4 divergence in different racial or ethnic groups are limited.…”

A system for tumor heterogeneity evaluation and diagnosis based on tumor markers measured routinely in the laboratory

“…In the present study, the positivity of the tested tumor markers in the healthy control group, representing the normal population, reached a maximum of 5.6%, indicating that it is reliable for the detect method and cutoff value. Since the positivity of CA724 and NSE was relatively high in the other diseases group, these markers were eliminated from use in the evaluation system, in accordance with the criteria mentioned above (b 5%) [29,34,35]. The remaining markers were considered relevant to tumor development.…”

“…The amount of a tumor marker can be obtained from standard substance. The chemiluminescent immunoassay is a highly sensitive screening assay for detecting tumor marker [28][29][30]. The significance of the differences was determined by Kruskal-Wallis H tests for abnormally distributed continuous data.…”