The reference-matrix concept applied to chemical testing of soils

Kördel, Werner; Peijnenburg, Willie J.G.M.; Klein, Christoph; Kuhnt, Gerald; Bussian, Bernd M.; Bernd, Gawlik

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2008.07.007

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In fact, organic matter and other soil properties such as texture can alter the fate and effect of pesticides (Peijnenburg et al 1999;Sijm et al 2000;Kördel et al 2009). Indeed, after chemicals application to soil, the bioavailable fraction for soil organisms, mainly those exposed via soil pore water (Smit and Van Gestel 1998), is dependent on the amount sorbed to soil particles (Van Gestel 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of phenmedipham and carbendazim to Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) in Mediterranean soils

et al. 2013

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Purpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of two reference chemicals, Carbendazim and Phenmedipham, for the compostworm Eisenia andrei (effects of Carbendazim) and the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus (effects of Phenmedipham) in 12 Mediterranean soils with contrasting soil properties. The observed toxicity was also compared to that obtained for OECD standard soil, used as a control. Materials and methods The soils were selected to be representative for the Mediterranean region and to cover a broad range of soil properties. The evaluated endpoints were avoidance behavior and reproduction. Soils were also assembled in two groups according to their pedological properties. Results and discussion Toxicity benchmarks (AC50s) obtained for E. andrei avoidance behavior in carbendazim-contaminated soils were generally higher for sandy soils with low pH. The toxic effects on the reproduction of the compostworms were similar in the six tested soils, indicating a low influence of soil properties. The avoidance response of E. crypticus towards Phenmedipham was generally highly variable in all tested soils. Even though, a higher toxicity was observed for more acidic soils. The EC50s for reproduction of the latter species varied by a factor of 9 and Phenmedipham toxicity also tended to be increasing in soils with lower pH, except for the soils with extreme organic matter content (0.6 and 5.8%). Conclusions A soil effect on chemical toxicity was clearly confirmed, highlighting the influence that test soils can have in site-specific ecological risk assessment. Despite some relationships between soil properties and toxicity were outlined, a clear and statistically significant prediction of chemical toxicity could not be established. The range of soil properties was probably narrow to give clearer and more consistent insights on their influence. For the four groups of tests, the toxicity observed for OECD soil was either similar, lower, or generally higher if compared with Mediterranean soils. Moreover, it did represent neither the organic matter content found in Mediterranean soils nor their textural classes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, pesticide toxicity data obtained using OECD soil as test substrate cannot be directly extrapolated to field soils (Kördel et al 2009) since misleading toxicity estimations can take place (Römbke and Amorim 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of phenmedipham and carbendazim to Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) in Mediterranean soils

et al. 2013

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“…To increase the ecological relevance of tests with individual chemicals, it has been recommended to perform them with defined representative natural field soils instead of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) artificial soil (http://ec.europa.eu/health/archive/ph_risk/committees/sct/ documents/out83_en.pdf; [7][8][9]). The need to define representative natural field soils is even more relevant in site-specific ERA, because often in tests with contaminated soils, a control or reference soil with matching soil properties is missing [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of natural soils as a control or reference soil in standard ecotoxicological tests should be based on a careful selection, focusing mainly on two criteria: first, the representativeness for a specific biogeographic region and the degree to which soil physicochemical characteristics match those of soils being assessed (e.g., texture, pH, C/N ratio, or organic matter content [9,13,14]); second, the acceptability of the selected reference soil to support the performance of the test organisms (e.g., survival, growth, and reproduction), because some of the pedological characteristics of soils might act as stress factors for the animals [15,16], thus confounding or influencing the test results [10]. Guidance must be supplied for the use of natural soils as reference control soils in the existing guidelines, and this guidance should include criteria for the selection of acceptable reference control soils [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving ecological risk assessment in the Mediterranean area: Selection of reference soils and evaluating the influence of soil properties on avoidance and reproduction of two oligochaete species

Chelinho

Domene

Campana

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A current challenge in soil ecotoxicology is the use of natural soils as test substrates to increase ecological relevance of data. Despite the existence of six natural reference soils (the Euro-soils), some parallel projects showed that these soils do not accurately represent the diversity of European soils. Particularly, Mediterranean soils are not properly represented. To fill this gap, 12 natural soils from the Mediterranean regions of Alentejo, Portugal; Cataluña, Spain; and Liguria, Italy, were selected and used in reproduction and avoidance tests to evaluate the soil habitat function for earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus). Predictive models on the influence of soil properties on the responses of these organisms were developed using generalized linear models. Results indicate that the selected soils can impact reproduction and avoidance behavior of both Oligochaete species. Reproduction of enchytraeids was affected by different soil properties, but the test validity criteria were fulfilled. The avoidance response of enchytraeids was highly variable, but significant effects of texture and pH were found. Earthworms were more sensitive to soil properties. They did not reproduce successfully in three of the 10 soils, and a positive influence of moisture, fine sand, pH, and organic matter and a negative influence of clay were found. Moreover, they strongly avoided soils with extreme textures. Despite these limitations, most of the selected soils are suitable substrates for ecotoxicological evaluations.

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Modelling Speciation and Distribution of Radionuclides in Agricultural Soils

Hormann

2015

Radionuclides in the Environment

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The reference-matrix concept applied to chemical testing of soils

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Toxicity of phenmedipham and carbendazim to Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) in Mediterranean soils

Toxicity of phenmedipham and carbendazim to Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) in Mediterranean soils

Improving ecological risk assessment in the Mediterranean area: Selection of reference soils and evaluating the influence of soil properties on avoidance and reproduction of two oligochaete species

Modelling Speciation and Distribution of Radionuclides in Agricultural Soils

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