The regenerative role of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) in plastic and reconstructive surgery

Abstract

The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The use of either embryonic stem cells (ESC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in clinical situations is limited because of regulations and ethical considerations even though these cells are theoretically highly beneficial. Adult mesenchymal stem cells appear to be an ideal stem cell population for practical regenerative medicine. Among these cells, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) have the potential to differentiate the mesenchymal, ectodermal and endodermal lineages and are easy to harvest. Additionally, adipose tissue yields a high number of ADSC per volume of tissue. Based on this background knowledge, the purpose of this review is to summarise and describe the proliferation and differentiation capacities of ADSC together with current preclinical data regarding the use of ADSC as regenerative tools in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Functional properties and features of clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells in aesthetic medicine and dermatology: a brief review

“…According to numerous studies, MMSCs in the adult body can be located not only in the bone marrow but also in other tissue niches [10,38]. The sources of cells which have the properties of MMSCs are currently the following organs and tissues: skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, synovial fluid, lungs, peripheral and umbilical cord blood, Wharton's umbilical jelly, periodontal ligaments and tooth pulp [35].…”

“…Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the necessary amount for therapeutic purposes and aesthetic procedures are easily obtained by lipoaspiration or excision, which is unique advantage over other stem cell sources [11,38,53]. In addition, given that adipose tissue has 1 stem cell per 30-1000 cells, but the bone marrow of an adult human has one mesenchymal stem cell per 50.000 -1 million cells, adipose tissue is of much greater interest for the clinical application [18,32].…”

Limbal epithelial stem cells in regeneration of corneal epithelium – clinical and molecular aspects

“…Komórki mezenchymalne pochodzące z tkanki tłuszczowej (adipose tissue-derived stem cells -ADSC) są dla nich dobrym substytutem o dużym potencjale regeneracyjnym [3,5]. Poznawanie nowych kierunków zastosowania komó-rek macierzystych umożliwia opracowanie alternatywnych metod terapii schorzeń, w których inne rozwią-zania nie przynoszą pożądanych efektów [6]. W leczeniu komórkami macierzystymi wykorzystywana jest ich zdolność do proliferacji, co pozwala na namnoże-nie niszy tych komórek oraz dyferencjacji w kierunku komórek innego typu.…”

Comparative Analysis of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Orbital and Abdominal Fat

“…Thus, ASCs are more suitable resource for regenerative medicine applications due to its abundance and easy accessibility [9, 10]. ASCs from different tissue sites exhibit differences in characteristics; for example, traits of cells isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue and from the abdomen are dissimilar [11].…”