The regional budget of atmospheric methane of a highly populated area

Thom, Marcus; Bösinger, Rainer; Schmidt, Martina; Levin, Ingeborg

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90418-5

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The concentration of dissolved CH 4 in seawater (in nmol CH 4 L −1 ) was calculated from the concentration of CH 4 (in ppm) measured in air samples after equilibration from both approaches (discrete headspace samples and closed circuit in continuum) as described previously for other gases (Wilson et al, 2012 The isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the source CH 4 , i.e., CH 4 produced by seagrass ecosystems, in the Red Sea was analyzed by conducting keeling plots (Thom et al, 1993) for each of the seagrass stations sampled in this study. The δ 13 C of the source CH 4 was inferred from the Y axis intercept of the linear regression between the inverse of the CH 4 concentration measured in the equilibrated air (in ppm −1 ) and its δ 13 C-CH 4 during our incubations.…”

Section: Ch 4 Concentration In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Production by Seagrass Ecosystems in the Red Sea

Garcías-Bonet

Duarte

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) is the second strongest greenhouse gas and it is emitted to the atmosphere naturally by different sources. It is crucial to define the dimension of these natural emissions in order to forecast changes in atmospheric CH 4 mixing ratio in future scenarios. However, CH 4 emissions by seagrass ecosystems in shallow marine coastal systems have been neglected although their global extension. Here we quantify the CH 4 production rates of seagrass ecosystems in the Red Sea. We measured changes in CH 4 concentration and its isotopic signature by cavity ring-down spectroscopy on chambers containing sediment and plants. We detected CH 4 production in all the seagrass stations with an average rate of 85.09 ± 27.80 µmol CH 4 m −2 d −1 . Our results show that there is no seasonal or daily pattern in the CH 4 production rates by seagrass ecosystems in the Red Sea. Taking in account the range of global estimates for seagrass coverage and the average seagrass CH 4 production, the global CH 4 production and emission by seagrass ecosystems could range from 0.09 to 2.7 Tg yr −1 . Because CH 4 emission by seagrass ecosystems had not been included in previous global CH 4 budgets, our estimate would increase the contribution of marine global emissions, hitherto estimated at 9.1 Tg yr −1 , by about 30%. Thus, the potential contribution of seagrass ecosystems to marine CH 4 emissions provides sufficient evidence of the relevance of these fluxes as to include seagrass ecosystems in future assessments of the global CH 4 budgets.

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Section: Ch 4 Concentration In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Production by Seagrass Ecosystems in the Red Sea

Garcías-Bonet

Duarte

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…In order to estimate annual emissions from the individual fluxes usually a median (Rohrer et al, 1998) or (monthly) mean (Levin, 1987;Gaudry et al, 1990;Thom et al, 1993;Schmidt et al, 1996Schmidt et al, , 2001Schmidt et al, , 2003Schrimpf et al, 1996;Wilson et al, 1997;Levy et al, 1999;Biraud et al, 2000;Messager et al, 2008) is used. However, since the ambient measurements are very sensitive for nearby point source emissions, annual emission estimates using a median or a (Gaussian) mean would probably be overestimated.…”

Section: Data Selection and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using 222 Rn to determine surface fluxes from mixing ratios has already been successfully applied in other studies e.g. to: CO 2 (Levin, 1987;Gaudry et al, 1990;Schmidt et al, 2003), N 2 O (Schmidt et al, 2001;Wilson et al, 1997), CH 4 (Thom et al, 1993;Schmidt et al, 1996;Levin et al, 1999), CFCs (Biraud et al, 2002), peroxyacetyl nitrate (Schrimpf et al, 1996) and NO and NO 2 (Rohrer et al, 1998). New aspects of our study are related to the aimedat catchment area of the emissions (in our case we focus mainly on The Netherlands), and our data selection method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to determine surface emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O from their ambient mixing ratios 222 Rn is used as a reference tracer for atmospheric mixing and transport (Levin, 1984;Thom et al, 1993;Schmidt et al, 1996). 222 Rn is a radioactive noble gas (its radioactive half-life is 3.825 days) which is produced at a constant rate from 226 Radium which is relatively uniformly distributed in all soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions in The Netherlands: ambient measurements support the national inventories

2009

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Abstract. We present net emission estimates of CH 4 and N 2 O of The Netherlands based on measurements conducted during the period of May 2006 to April 2009 at station Lutjewad, The Netherlands (6 • 21 E, 53 • 24 N, 1 m a.s.l.). 222 Radon mixing ratios were applied as an indicator for vertical mixing and long-range air mass transport and used to calculate the net surface fluxes from atmospheric mixing ratios of CH 4 and N 2 O. Our study shows that our measurement site Lutjewad is well-suited to measure emissions from The Netherlands and validation of the national inventories using the 222 Radon flux method. Since this study is purely observation-based it is independent from inventories or atmospheric models. Our results are compared to the national inventories as reported to the UNFCCC. We found net emissions of: (15.2±5.3) t km −2 a −1 for CH 4 and (0.9±0.3) t km −2 a −1 for N 2 O. These values are lower than the inventory-based emissions (2006-2008 averages) of (18.3±3.3) t km −2 a −1 for CH 4 , and (1.3±0.6) t km −2 a −1 for N 2 O, but the differences are insignificant.

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“…The radon tracer method has been used to estimate continental emissions of methane (CH 4 ) (Thom et al, 1993;Schmidt et al, 1996;Levin et al, 1999), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (Schmidt et al, 2001), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (Schmidt et al, 2003;Hirsch, 2007), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (Biraud et al, 2000(Biraud et al, , 2002 in Europe. Radon-222 ( 222 Rn) has been used to parameterize transport and dilution of ground level emissions of trace gases in the atmospheric surface layer (Kuhlmann et al, 1998;Schmidt et al, 2001Schmidt et al, , 2003.…”

Section: A Wada Et Al: Evaluation Of Anthropogenic Emissions Of Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide in East Asia derived from the observations of atmospheric radon-222 over the western North Pacific

Wada¹,

Matsueda²,

Murayama

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We used the observed CO/ 222 Rn ratio in the Asian outflows at Minamitorishima (MNM), Yonagunijima (YON), and Ryori (RYO) in the western North Pacific from 2007 to 2011, together with a three-dimensional chemical transport model (STAG), in order to estimate anthropogenic emissions of CO in East Asia. The measurements captured highfrequency synoptic variations of enhanced 222 Rn (ERN) events associated with the long-range transport of continental air masses. 222 Rn and CO showed high correlation during the ERN events observed at MNM and YON in the winter and spring, but not at RYO. The STAG transport model reproduced well the concentrations of observed 222 Rn when forced with a constant and uniform flux density of 1.0 atom cm −2 s −1 , but underestimated the associated enhancement of synoptically variable CO caused by the underestimated flux values in the EDGAR ver. 4.1 emission database used in the model for East Asia. Better estimates for the East Asian emission were derived using a radon tracer method based on the difference in the enhancement ratio of CO/ 222 Rn between the observation and the model. The anthropogenic emissions of CO for China, Japan, and Korea were estimated to be 203 Tg CO yr −1 , 91 % of which originated in China. When compared with other estimated emissions of CO, our estimated result showed consistency with those of the inverse method, whereas the emission database of EDGAR was about 45 % smaller than our anthropogenic estimation for China.

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The regional budget of atmospheric methane of a highly populated area

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Methane Production by Seagrass Ecosystems in the Red Sea

Methane Production by Seagrass Ecosystems in the Red Sea

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions in The Netherlands: ambient measurements support the national inventories

Evaluation of anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide in East Asia derived from the observations of atmospheric radon-222 over the western North Pacific

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