The Regiospecific Fischer Indole Reaction in Choline Chloride×2ZnCl<sub>2</sub> with Product Isolation by Direct Sublimation from the Ionic Liquid.

Morales, Raul Calderon; Tambyrajah, Vasuki; Jenkins, Paul R.; Davies, David; Abbott, Andrew P.

doi:10.1002/chin.200419107

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Zinc chloride can also form ionic liquid with pyridium [143], imidazolium [144,145] or quaternary ammonium salts such as choline chloride [146]. The DESs of choline chloride and zinc chloride ([CHCl][ZnCl] 2 ) have also been found to be an efficient catalyst and solvent for the DielseAlder reactions [146], Fischer indole annulations reactions [147], and selective acylation of cellulose [148]. The DESs of choline chloride and zinc chloride ([CHCl][ZnCl] 2 ) have also been found to be an efficient catalyst and solvent for the DielseAlder reactions [146], Fischer indole annulations reactions [147], and selective acylation of cellulose [148].…”

Section: The Reactions Catalysed By Acidic Functionalized Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Wang

Zhu

2015

Sustainable Catalytic Processes

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Section: The Reactions Catalysed By Acidic Functionalized Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Wang

Zhu

2015

Sustainable Catalytic Processes

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“…The physical properties of these DESs have been broadly investigated . Because of their advantages of low volatility, non–toxic, low price, and easy preparation, DESs have been widely used in metal extractions, metal electrodepositions, , organic synthesis, , and CO 2 absorptions. − In addition, Yang et al. determined the SO 2 absorption capacities of ChCl–glycerol DESs with different mole ratios at different temperatures and SO 2 partial pressures, and the absorption capacity of ChCl–glycerol (1:1 mol ratio) DES can be as high as 0.678 g SO 2 per g DES at 293 K and 1 atm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient SO₂ Absorptions by Four Kinds of Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride

Sun

Niu

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

144

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Four kinds of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl) with ethylene glycol (EG), malonic acid (MA), urea, and thiourea as hydrogen bond donors were prepared and characterized. All these DESs show good thermal stability and can be stable at 363 K, which is beneficial for the application in flue gas desulfurization. Then, SO 2 absorption capacities of these DESs were determined at different temperatures and SO 2 partial pressures. The absorption results demonstrate that ChCl−EG (1:2) and ChCl−thiourea (1:1) DESs exhibit excellent absorption performances, and the absorption capacities are 2.88 and 2.96 mol SO 2 per mol DES at 293 K and 1 atm, respectively. In addition, the SO 2 absorption and regeneration experiments were conducted. All solvents can be regenerated at 343 K with N 2 bubbling, and the absorption capacities of DESs remain without a significant loss after six absorption and desorption cycles. What's more, the absorption mechanism of SO 2 in these DESs were investigated by IR and 1 H NMR.

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“…Moreover, the fact that DESs can be made from readily available and biodegradable materials, which have lower toxicity and cost than many ILs, makes them promising candidates to develop efficient and sustainable processes in a variety of fields. Among these applications is their use as a solvent for the deposition or dissolution of metals. ,, Furthermore, because of their environmentally friendly properties, DESs have been proposed for synthesis processes, ,− carbon dioxide absorption, ,, and biotransformations. ,− An example of the latter is related to biodiesel manufacturing and purification, where choline chloride (a quaternary ammonium salt) is used to extract the glycerol (an HBD) formed as a byproduct of the transesterification process, hence improving the final biofuel quality . In addition, DESs formed from choline chloride and an HBD such as glycerol or ethylene glycol have been studied for the removal of residual alkali metals in biodiesel to avoid engine damage …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Molar Enthalpies of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Composed of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Glycerol or Ethylene Glycol

2016

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Molar enthalpies of mixing (H E) were measured for the following deep eutectic solvents (DESs): {choline chloride + glycerol}, {choline chloride + ethylene glycol}, {tetrabutylammonium chloride + glycerol}, and {tetrabutylammonium chloride + ethylene glycol} at 323.15 K and molar ratios of 1:4, 1:3, 1:2 and 1:1. Results show that all systems are endothermic, with H E values ranging from 1.90 to 5.35 kJ·mol–1. Results indicate that the intermolecular interactions between the molecules of the pure components are stronger than those of the DESs complexes. To shed some light on the mutual interactions between the molecules within the mixtures, effects of the hydrogen bond acceptor structure (HBA), hydrogen bond donor structure (HBD), and concentration (HBA:HBD molar ratio) were analyzed. The nature of the HBA salt is the most important: choline chloride-based systems required almost twice as much energy as tetrabutylammonium chloride-based systems in order to form the DES mixture, most likely because of a higher enthalpy of fusion of the choline-based HBA salt. Choline chloride is more stable than tetrabutylammonium chloride because of its hydroxyl group; consequently, more energy is needed to break the choline chloride interactions in order to form DES mixtures with glycerol or ethylene glycol. Other effects suggest a competition in the formation of hydrogen bonds among the pure species (like molecular interactions) and the DES complexes (unlike molecular interactions). Overall, this work reports a systematic evaluation of H E for a series of representative DESs that elucidates the roles of HBD and HBA in the energy penalty required for DES formation, which is critical for assessing their potential in practical applications on an industrial scale.

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The Regiospecific Fischer Indole Reaction in Choline Chloride×2ZnCl₂ with Product Isolation by Direct Sublimation from the Ionic Liquid.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Efficient SO₂ Absorptions by Four Kinds of Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride

Excess Molar Enthalpies of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Composed of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Glycerol or Ethylene Glycol

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The Regiospecific Fischer Indole Reaction in Choline Chloride×2ZnCl2 with Product Isolation by Direct Sublimation from the Ionic Liquid.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Sustainable Catalysis Systems Based on Ionic Liquids

Efficient SO2 Absorptions by Four Kinds of Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride

Excess Molar Enthalpies of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Composed of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Glycerol or Ethylene Glycol

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The Regiospecific Fischer Indole Reaction in Choline Chloride×2ZnCl₂ with Product Isolation by Direct Sublimation from the Ionic Liquid.

Efficient SO₂ Absorptions by Four Kinds of Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride