The Regulation of Reactive Neuroblastosis, Neuroplasticity, and Nutraceuticals for Effective Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a complex heterogeneous disorder and characterized by stereotyped behavior and deficits in communication and social interactions. The emerging microbial knowledge has pointed to a potential link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and ASD. Evidence from animal and human studies showed that shifts in composition and activity of the gut microbiota may causally contribute to the etiopathogenesis of core symptoms in the ASD individuals with gastrointestinal tract disturbances and act on microbiota-gut-brain. In this review, we summarized the characterized gut bacterial composition of ASD and the involvement of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the onset and progression of ASD; the possible underlying mechanisms are also highlighted. Given this correlation, we also provide an overview of the microbial-based therapeutic interventions such as probiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation therapy, and dietary interventions and address their potential benefits on behavioral symptoms of ASD. The precise contribution of altering gut microbiome to treating core symptoms in the ASD needs to be further clarified. It seemed to open up promising avenues to develop microbial-based therapies in ASD.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Gut Microbiota: New Strategy for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

“…Defects in the hippocampal neurogenic process have been linked to dementia, stress, and depression-related symptoms in various neurological illnesses and traumatic brain injuries [20,34,35,39,40,85,93,95]. Eventually, abnormal neurogenesis appears to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like autism [96]. Therefore, the possibilities for the involvement of aberrant neurogenesis in the hippocampus in the establishment of psychotic disorders cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Neuro Morphological and Pathological Sequelae Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, increased level of neuroblasts proliferation and their ectopic migration has also become increasingly evident in the early phase of neurodegenerative disorders, while the late phase of these disorders with the prominent sign of dementia and depression-related disease have been characterized by diminished level of neuroblasts in the brain [20,33,35,37,96,150]. Notably, the ongoing turnover of neuroblasts has generally been confined to the hippocampus and SVZ-OB system, several reports indicate the possibility for the occurrence and migration of neuroblasts in the other brain regions including the cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus [33,37,[151][152][153].…”

Section: Reactive Neuroblastosis As An Underlying Mechanism Of Halluc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Hippocampal Neuroregenerative Plasticity in Schizophrenia: Reactive Neuroblostosis as a Possible Pathocellular Mechanism of Hallucination

Babu Deva Irakkam,

Joseph,

Kandasamy

2023

Preprint

Schizophrenia is a spectrum of neuropsychiatric deformities, characterized by hallucination, delusion, mood disorders, speech pathology, and neurocognitive deficits. Among various clinical manifestations, hallucination has been recognized as a core psychotic symptom that occurs more frequently in schizophrenia. A significant number of subjects with neurocognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and other neurological diseases like stroke and epileptic seizure also experience hallucinations. While aberrant neurotransmission has been linked to the neuropathogenic events of schizophrenia, the specific cellular mechanism contributing to hallucinations remains ambiguous. Neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of the brain has been identified as a predominant pathogenic determinant of dementia. While the scientific proof for the neurodegeneration in schizophrenia is limited, the occurrence of dementia in schizophrenia has become increasingly evident. To note, both neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders display impaired neurogenesis in the brain. Impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been linked to dementia and mood disorders. Notably, the early phase of many neurodegenerative disorders has been characterized by reactive neuroblostosis and aberrant cell cycle activation in mature neurons leading to the fluctuation in neurogenic processes leading to abnormal synaptogenesis and neurotransmission in the brain. Thus, this article emphasizes a hypothesis that aberrant neurogenic processes could be an underlying mechanism of hallucination in schizophrenia and other neurological diseases.

“…These include the potential impacts of dietary compounds (15) and lipid profiles (16). For example, certain dietary-derived metabolites may interact with developmental pathways in the foetus, potentially affecting neurodevelopmental outcomes (17). Additionally, higher maternal intakes of n3-LCPUFAs, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are associated with better overall diet quality (18), have been reported to have neuroprotective effects (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Western Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy is Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

Horner,

Jepsen,

Chawes

et al. 2024

Preprint

Despite the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, there are a lack of clinical studies examining the impact of pregnancy diet on child neurodevelopment. This observational clinical study examined the associations between pregnancy dietary patterns and neurodevelopmental diagnoses, as well as their symptoms, in a prospective cohort of 10-year-old children (n=508). Data-driven dietary patterns were derived from self-reported food frequency questionnaires. An Unhealthy dietary pattern in pregnancy (per SD change) was significantly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) OR 1.66 [1.21 - 2.27], p=0.002 and autism diagnosis OR 2.22 [1.33 - 3.74], p=0.002 and associated symptoms p<0.001. Findings for ADHD were validated in two large (n=656, n=348), independent mother-child cohorts via blood metabolome modelling. Objective metabolite scores, assessed at five timepoints in mothers and children in two independent mother-child cohorts, indicated that the strongest association with ADHD was during early- to mid- pregnancy. These results provide evidence for targeted prenatal dietary interventions to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders in children.