The regulation of spermatogenesis by androgens

Smith, Lee B.; Walker, William H.

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.012

Cited by 634 publications

(422 citation statements)

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“…Proper progression of meiosis and the transition of spermatocytes into haploid round spermatids cannot be completed without adequate interactions between androgens, estrogens, and their receptors [1,22]. In ER-deficient mice and aromatase-deficient mice the abnormalities in the morphology of the seminiferous epithelium and spermatogenesis were found [11,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunoexpression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors alpha and beta, vanilloid type 1 receptor and cytochrome p450 aromatase in rats testis chronically treated with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor

Pilutin

Misiakiewicz-Has²,

Kolasa³

et al. 2014

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:The function of testis is under hormonal control and any disturbance of hormonal homeostasis can lead to morphological and physiological changes. Therefore the aim of the study was to investigate the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors (AR, ERs), vanilloid receptor (TRPV1), cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), as well as apoptosis of cells in testis of adult rats chronically treated with letrozole (LT), a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, for 6 months. The testicular tissues were fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies (abs) against AR, ERa, P450arom, and polyclonal abs against ERb, TRPV1, caspase-3 was applied. Long-lasting estradiol deficiency, as an effect of LT treatment, produced changes in the morphology of testis and altered the expression of the studied receptors in cells of the seminiferous tubules and rate of cell apoptosis. The immunostaining for AR was found in the nuclei of Sertoli cells and the cytoplasm of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in III-IV stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. The intensity of staining for P450arom was lower in the testis of LT-treated rats as compared to control animals. The immunofluorescence of ERa and ERb was observed exclusively in the nuclei of Leydig cells of LT-treated rats. There were no changes in localization of TRPV1, however, the intensity of reaction was stronger in germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium after LT treatment. The apoptosis in both groups of animals was observed within the population of spermatocytes and spermatids in II and III stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. In testis of LT-treated rats the immunoexpression of caspase-3 was additionally found in the germ cells in I and IV stages, and Sertoli, myoid and Leydig cells. In conclusion, our results underline the important role of letrozole treatment in the proper function of male reproductive system, and additionally demonstrate that hormonal imbalance can produce the morphological abnormalities in testis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunoexpression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors alpha and beta, vanilloid type 1 receptor and cytochrome p450 aromatase in rats testis chronically treated with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor

Pilutin

Misiakiewicz-Has²,

Kolasa³

et al. 2014

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…T is essential for the development of the male reproductive system and the maintenance of male reproductive functions (1,2). In addition to defects in reproductive system, its deficiency in the adult contributes to other symptoms that include increased body fat, decreased muscle mass, increased fatigue, depressed mood, decreased cognitive function (3,4), and reduced immune response (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of seminiferous tubule-associated stem Leydig cells in adult rat testes

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

197

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Testicular Leydig cells are the primary source of testosterone in males. Adult Leydig cells have been shown to arise from stem cells present in the neonatal testis. Once established, adult Leydig cells turn over only slowly during adult life, but when these cells are eliminated experimentally from the adult testis, new Leydig cells rapidly reappear. As in the neonatal testis, stem cells in the adult testis are presumed to be the source of the new Leydig cells. As yet, the mechanisms involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of these stem cells remain unknown. We developed a unique in vitro system of cultured seminiferous tubules to assess the ability of factors from the seminiferous tubules to regulate the proliferation of the tubule-associated stem cells, and their subsequent entry into the Leydig cell lineage. The proliferation of the stem Leydig cells was stimulated by paracrine factors including Desert hedgehog (DHH), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and activin. Suppression of proliferation occurred with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). The differentiation of the stem cells was regulated positively by DHH, lithium- induced signaling, and activin, and negatively by TGF-β, PDGFBB, and FGF2. DHH functioned as a commitment factor, inducing the transition of stem cells to the progenitor stage and thus into the Leydig cell lineage. Additionally, CD90 (Thy1) was found to be a unique stem cell surface marker that was used to obtain purified stem cells by flow cytometry.

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“…AR в комплексе с тесто-стероном связывается со специфическими участками ДНК, рекрутирует белки коактива-торы или корепрессоры, регулируя таким об-разом экспрессию определенных генов. По сравнению с этим механизмом, занимающим 30-40 минут, неклассический механизм за-нимает несколько секунд-минут [23]. Неклас-сический путь осуществляется двумя меха-низмами.…”

Section: биосинтез и метаболизм тестостеронаunclassified

Experimental Model of Sudden Cardiac Death Morphogenesis in Hyperandrogenaemia

Omarova¹,

Filatov²,

Мнихович³

et al. 2016

JAH

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В работе обобщены данные литературы о влиянии тестостерона и его синтетических производных на организм спортсменов. Охарактеризованы пути биосинтеза и метаболизма тестостерона, сигнальный путь тестостерона, его основные биологические эффекты. Основное внимание уделено проблемам гипо-и гиперандрогенемии, как двум крайним проявлениям отклонения от физиологического уровня тестосте-рона в крови у мужчин. В связи с этим были определены перспективы дальнейших исследований: влияние гиперандрогенемии на сердечную мыщцу у спортсменов и мужчин, использующих природные и синтети-ческие аналоги тестостерона в качестве средств повышающих физическую выносливость и активность. The paper summarizes the literature data on the effect of testosterone and its synthetic derivatives on athletes. Biosynthetic pathways and metabolism of testosterone, testosterone signaling pathway, its main biological effects have been characterized. The main attention is paid to the problems of hypo-and hyperandrogenaemia as the two extreme manifestations of deviation from the physiological level of testosterone in the blood of men. Therefore prospects for further studies were identified: hyperandrogenism influence on the heart muscle in athletes and in men who use natural or synthetic analogs of testosterone as a means of increasing physical endurance and activity.

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The regulation of spermatogenesis by androgens

Cited by 634 publications

References 113 publications

The immunoexpression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors alpha and beta, vanilloid type 1 receptor and cytochrome p450 aromatase in rats testis chronically treated with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor

The immunoexpression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors alpha and beta, vanilloid type 1 receptor and cytochrome p450 aromatase in rats testis chronically treated with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor

Regulation of seminiferous tubule-associated stem Leydig cells in adult rat testes

Experimental Model of Sudden Cardiac Death Morphogenesis in Hyperandrogenaemia

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