The Regulation of the Growth and Pathogenicity of Valsa mali by the Carbon Metabolism Repressor CreA

Jin, Jiewen; Diao, Yufei; Xiong, Xiong; Yu, Chengming; Tian, Yehan; Li, Chuanrong; Liu, Huixiang

doi:10.3390/ijms24119252

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[129,130] In addition to Aspergillus, CCR has also been demonstrated to influence the pathogenicity of other filamentous pathogenic fungi, such as Penicillium expansum and Valsa mali. [114,131] Therefore, this strategy that, by blocking the CCR pathway to weaken the toxicity of these pathogenic Aspergillus, has great potential for application in production research.…”

Section: Indirect Effects Of Ccr On Aspergillus Cell Factoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of carbon catabolite repression for Aspergillus‐based cell factories: A review

Wang,

Jin

et al. 2024

Biotechnology Journal

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Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a global regulatory mechanism that allows organisms to preferentially utilize a preferred carbon source (usually glucose) by suppressing the expression of genes associated with the utilization of nonpreferred carbon sources. Aspergillus is a large genus of filamentous fungi, some species of which have been used as microbial cell factories for the production of organic acids, industrial enzymes, pharmaceuticals, and other fermented products due to their safety, substrate convenience, and well‐established post‐translational modifications. Many recent studies have verified that CCR‐related genetic alterations can boost the yield of various carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes), even under CCR conditions. Based on these findings, we emphasize that appropriate regulation of the CCR pathway, especially the expression of the key transcription factor CreA gene, has great potential for further expanding the application of Aspergillus cell factories to develop strains for industrial CAZymes production. Further, the genetically modified CCR strains (chassis hosts) can also be used for the production of other useful natural products and recombinant proteins, among others. We here review the regulatory mechanisms of CCR in Aspergillus and its direct application in enzyme production, as well as its potential application in organic acid and pharmaceutical production to illustrate the effects of CCR on Aspergillus cell factories.

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Section: Indirect Effects Of Ccr On Aspergillus Cell Factoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of carbon catabolite repression for Aspergillus‐based cell factories: A review

Wang,

Jin

et al. 2024

Biotechnology Journal

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“…In Fusarium fujikuroi , ΔpacC mutants did not exhibit expression of FUB1 , the key polyketide synthase gene in the fusaric acid gene cluster [ 24 , 25 ]; CreA is the carbon metabolism repression regulator and regulates carbon source utilization by modulating carbon catabolite repression (CCR) activity in filamentous fungi [ 26 ]. Recent studies have discovered that CreA regulates growth and pathogenicity in Valsa mali and that MoCreA is essential for asexual development and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae [ 27 , 28 ]. Notably, SntB has been reported to positively regulate these global virulence and secondary metabolism regulators [ 13 ], suggesting its involvement in multiple critical biological processes and metabolic pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SntB Affects Growth to Regulate Infecting Potential in Penicillium italicum

Li,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JoF

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Penicillium italicum, a major postharvest pathogen, causes blue mold rot in citrus fruits through the deployment of various virulence factors. Recent studies highlight the role of the epigenetic reader, SntB, in modulating the pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi. Our research revealed that the deletion of the SntB gene in P. italicum led to significant phenotypic alterations, including delayed mycelial growth, reduced spore production, and decreased utilization of sucrose. Additionally, the mutant strain exhibited increased sensitivity to pH fluctuations and elevated iron and calcium ion stress, culminating in reduced virulence on Gannan Novel oranges. Ultrastructural analyses disclosed notable disruptions in cell membrane integrity, disorganization within the cellular matrix, and signs of autophagy. Transcriptomic data further indicated a pronounced upregulation of hydrolytic enzymes, oxidoreductases, and transport proteins, suggesting a heightened energy demand. The observed phenomena were consistent with a carbon starvation response potentially triggering apoptotic pathways, including iron-dependent cell death. These findings collectively underscored the pivotal role of SntB in maintaining the pathogenic traits of P. italicum, proposing that targeting PiSntB could offer a new avenue for controlling citrus fungal infections and subsequent fruit decay.

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Fgk3, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase, Regulates Chitin Synthesis through the Carbon Catabolite Repressor FgCreA in Fusarium graminearum

Ni,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) orthologs are well-conserved in eukaryotic organisms. However, their functions remain poorly characterized in filamentous fungi. In our previous study, we unveiled the function of Fgk3, the GSK3 ortholog, in glycogen metabolism in Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. Interestingly, the fgk3 mutant was unstable and tended to produce fast-growing suppressors, including secondary suppressors. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified suppressor mutations in FgCHS5, FgFKS1, FgCREA, FgSSN6, FgRGR1, and FgPP2A in nine primary and four secondary suppressors. Subsequently, we validated that deletion of FgCHS5 or FgCREA ΔH253 mutation partially suppressed the defects of fgk3 in vegetative growth and cell wall integrity, suggesting that Fgk3 may regulate the chitin synthesis through FgCreA-mediated transcriptional regulation in F. graminearum. Accordingly, the FGK3 deletion led to hyphal swelling with abnormal chitin deposition, and deletion of FGK3 or FgCREA caused the upregulation of the expression of chitin synthases FgCHS5 and FgCHS6. The interaction between Fgk3 and FgCreA was verified by Yeast two-hybrid and Co-Immunoprecipitation assays. More importantly, we verified that the nuclear localization and protein stability of FgCreA relies on the Fgk3 kinase, while the H253 deletion facilitated the re-localization of FgCreA to the nucleus in the fgk3 mutant background, potentially contributing to the suppression of the fgk3 mutant's defects. Intriguingly, the ΔH253 mutation of FgCreA, identified in suppressor mutant S3, is adjacent to a conserved phosphorylation site, S254, suggesting that this mutation may inhibit the S254 phosphorylation and promote the nuclear localization of FgCreA. Collectively, our findings indicate that the glycogen synthase kinase Fgk3 regulates the chitin synthesis through the carbon catabolite repressor FgCreA in F. graminearum.

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The Regulation of the Growth and Pathogenicity of Valsa mali by the Carbon Metabolism Repressor CreA

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Implications of carbon catabolite repression for Aspergillus‐based cell factories: A review

Implications of carbon catabolite repression for Aspergillus‐based cell factories: A review

SntB Affects Growth to Regulate Infecting Potential in Penicillium italicum

Fgk3, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase, Regulates Chitin Synthesis through the Carbon Catabolite Repressor FgCreA in Fusarium graminearum

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