The regulatory environment for migrant and women entrepreneurs

Abstract

Guided by neoliberal economic tenets, both governmental and non-governmental organizations foster entrepreneurship, including among migrants and women, to increase employment and economic development (Ram et al.,

Contesting the boundaries of marianismoand entrepreneurial identity: meanings of motherhood amongst Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs

“…Still, these must be gender sensitive and inclusive of the reproductive work of mother entrepreneurs, which is exacerbated for migrant women without a family network and more so if they are separated or divorced without financial support from their partners. As highlighted by other contributions (Ozasir-Kacar and Essers, 2021), the advantages of entrepreneurship often do not hold for migrant women due to the challenges mentioned above. Third, migrant women, like the ones in this study, generally come from countries with more traditional gender-cultural norms and through the migration process and entrepreneurship, these norms might be interrogated and, as in the case of our participants, positively transformed.…”

“…First, due to the potential for individual empowerment, economic betterment and social integration, more governmental support is needed to identify the needs of migrant women entrepreneurs who are perceived at best as a hard-to-reach group or at worst as the wife of a man from a hard-to-reach group. Despite the significant internal diversity of this group, research shows that migrant women entrepreneurs are among the most disadvantaged groups when pursuing business ownership (Azmat, 2013) due to inequalities in access to resources and racialised social positions in the countries of destination (Ozasir-Kacar and Essers, 2021). Second, more business support is needed to encourage entrepreneurship among women migrants.…”

The contextual embeddedness of female entrepreneurship: investigating the influence of macro and motherhood factors in Bahrain

“…(2020) for women entrepreneurs in Vietnam. Interestingly, Ozasir-Kacar and Essers (2021, p. 12) acknowledged that “the regulatory environment in Turkey for women entrepreneurs is supportive via prompt policies, yet biased and gendered with patriarchal norms and practices both in the private and public spheres”. In other words, women entrepreneurs in Turkey need to accommodate and accept patriarchal practices to access the existing support mechanisms.…”

Regulation of migrant entrepreneurship: The strained conjunction of laws, policies and practices

“…Further studies should be carried out on the ‘negative’, unintentional or inconsequential role of laws, policies and practices as well as on the reasons for their inefficacy. As underlined by Solano (2022) and Özaşir Kaçar and Essers (2022) in this special section, practices developed by governmental and non‐governmental actors to support migrant entrepreneurs sometimes fail to consider the differences among the migrant groups or they act based on assumptions on migrants (e.g. overstating the differences between migrants and non‐migrant entrepreneurs).…”

“…Özaşir Kaçar and Essers (2022) address the topic of the special issue from a gender perspective, as they investigate the presence and the impact of gender‐related underlying assumptions in the regulatory environments of two national contexts, Turkey and the Netherlands, on the entrepreneurship of Turkish women. They show that, even when supportive via prompt policies, the regulatory environment is yet biased and gendered with patriarchal norms and practices.…”