The regulatory role of vernalization in the expression of low-temperature-induced genes in wheat and rye

Fowler, D. B.; Chauvin, L.-P.; Limin, A. E.; Sarhan, Fathey

doi:10.1007/s001220050314

Cited by 25 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Since the genes expressing these proteins reside on the long arm of the group 6 chromosomes, regulation of the Wcs120 gene family in this instance appears to be mediated by loci on chromosome 5A. Interestingly, this chromosome is most frequently found to have the greatest effect on cold tolerance, and the accumulation of proteins that cross-react with anti-WCS120 has also been associated with the development of cold tolerance (Houde et al 1992a;Fowler et al 1996a).…”

Section: Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Fowler et al (1996b) have observed that vernalization fulfilment (saturation) and loss of low-temperature tolerance are closely related. Down-regulation of Wcs120 mRNAs and decline in protein accumulation were also closely associated with the point of vernalization saturation in wheat and rye (Fowler et al 1996a). In wheat, 'spring habit' is dominant (Pugsley 1971) and 'winter habit' types carry recessive alleles at all vernalization (vrn) loci.…”

Section: Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chromosome mapping of low-temperature induced Wcs120 family genes and regulation of cold-tolerance expression in wheat

et al. 1997

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Low-temperature (LT) induced genes of the Wcs120 family in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were mapped to specific chromosome arms using Western and Southern blot analysis on the ditelocentric series in the cultivar Chinese Spring (CS). Identified genes were located on the long arms of the homoeologous group 6 chromosomes of all 3 genomes (A, B, and D) of hexaploid wheat. Related species carrying either the A, D, or AB genomes were also examined using Southern and Western analysis with the Wcs120 probe and the WCS120 antibody. All closely related species carrying one or more of the genomes of hexaploid wheat produced a 50 kDa protein that was identified by the antibody, and a Wcs120 homoeologue was detected by Southern analysis in all species. In the absence of chromosome arm 6DL in hexaploid CS wheat no 50 kDa protein was produced and the high-intensity Wcs120 band was missing, indicating 6DL as the location of Wcs120 but suggesting silencing of the Wcs120 homoeologue in the A genome. Levels of proteins that cross-reacted with the Wcs120 antibody and degrees of cold tolerance were also investigated in the Chinese Spring/Cheyenne (CS/CNN) chromosome substitution series. CNN chromosome 5A increased the cold tolerance of CS wheat. Densitometry scanning of Western blots to determine protein levels showed that the group 5 chromosome 5A had a regulatory effect on the expression of the Wcs120 gene family located on the group 6 chromosomes of all three hexaploid wheat genomes.

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Section: Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chromosome mapping of low-temperature induced Wcs120 family genes and regulation of cold-tolerance expression in wheat

et al. 1997

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“…The consequence of this relationship between stage of phenological development and LTtolerance gene expression is the frequent observation that winter genotypes tend to be more cold-tolerant than spring genotypes. We have shown that the change in ability of plants to accumulate LT tolerance occurs at both the transcriptional (Fowler et al 1996a;Danyluk et al 2003) and translational (accumulation of WCS120 LT-tolerance associated protein) levels (Fowler et al 1996a) through repression of the LT-tolerance pathway. A strong vernalization requirement maintained winter Norstar plants in an early vegetative stage allowing them to consistently respond to LT over the full length of the experiment (Fig.…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Interactions Determining Ltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on observations made on a large number of wheat (T. aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars, Fowler et al (1996b) reported a very close association between the point of vernalization saturation and a decline in LT tolerance. Expression levels of the LT-induced wheat gene, Wcs120, (Houde et al 1992) was found to be highly correlated with LT tolerance and a decline in Wcs120 mRNA levels was associated with both a decline in the protein product and the point of vernalization saturation (Fowler et al 1996a). The duration of expression of LT-tolerance genes, as governed by vernalization requirement, was also found to have a very significant effect on the accumulation of LT tolerance in near-isogenic lines of T. aestivum developed in both a spring and a winter wheat genetic background (Limin and Fowler 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Low-temperature tolerance and genetic potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): response to photoperiod, vernalization, and plant development

Limin

Fowler

2006

Planta

132

115

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It is frequently observed that winter habit types are more low-temperature (LT) tolerant than spring habit types. This raises the question of whether this is due to pleiotropic effects of the vernalization loci or to the linkage of LT-tolerance genes to these vernalization loci. Reciprocal near-isogenic lines (NILs) for alleles at the Vrn-A1 locus, Vrn-A1 and vrn-A1, determining spring and winter habit respectively, in two diverse genetic backgrounds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used to separate the effects of vernalization, photoperiod, and development on identical, or near identical, genetic backgrounds. The vrn-A1 allele in the winter lines allowed full expression of genotype dependent LT tolerance potential. The winter allele (vrn-A1) in a very cold tolerant genetic background resulted in 11 degrees C, or a 2.4-fold, greater LT tolerance compared to the spring allele. Similarly, the delay in development caused by short-day (SD) versus long-day (LD) photoperiod in the identical spring habit NIL resulted in an 8.5 degrees C or 2.1-fold, increase in LT tolerance. The duration of time in early developmental stages was shown to underlie full expression of genetic LT-tolerance potential. Therefore, pleiotropic effects of the vernalization loci can explain the association of LT tolerance and winter habit irrespective of either the proposed closely linked Fr-A1 or the more distant Fr-A2 LT-tolerance QTLs. Plant development progressively reduced LT-acclimation ability, particularly after the main shoot meristem had advanced to the double ridge reproductive growth stage. The Vrn-1 genes, or other members of the flowering induction pathway, are discussed as possible candidates for involvement in LT-tolerance repression.

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“…Likewise, the existence of genes regulating COR genes has been hypothesized. In both wheat and rye, Fowler et al (1996) hypothesized that a gene, or genes, in the Vrn-A1/Fr-A1 region were responsible for regulating the Wcs120 gene-family. Vagujfalvi et al (2000) hypothesized that two loci (provisionally designated as Rcg1 and Rcg2) on chromosome 5A, regulate the expression of the cor14b gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two loci on chromosome 5H determine low-temperature tolerance in a ‘Nure’ (winter) × ‘Tremois’ (spring) barley map

et al. 2003

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Barley ( Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) is an economically important diploid model for the Triticeae; and a better understanding of low-temperature tolerance mechanisms could significantly improve the yield of fall-sown cereals. We developed a new resource for genetic analysis of winter hardiness-related traits, the 'Nure' x 'Tremois' linkage map, based on a doubled-haploid population that is segregating for low-temperature tolerance and vernalization requirement. Three measures of low-temperature tolerance and one measure of vernalization requirement were used and, for all traits, QTLs were mapped on chromosome 5H. The vernalization response QTL coincides with previous reports at the Vrn-1/Fr1 region of the Triticeae. We also found coincident QTLs at this position for all measures of low-temperature tolerance. Using Composite Interval Mapping, a second proximal set, of coincident QTLs for low-temperature tolerance, and the accumulation of two different COR proteins (COR14b and TMC-Ap3) was identified. The HvCBF4 locus, or another member of the CBF loci clustered in this region, is the candidate gene underlying this QTL. There is a CRT/DRE recognition site in the promoter of cor14b with which a CBF protein could interact. These results support the hypothesis that highly conserved regulatory factors, such as members of the CBF gene family, may regulate the stress responses of a wide range of plant species.

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The regulatory role of vernalization in the expression of low-temperature-induced genes in wheat and rye

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Chromosome mapping of low-temperature induced Wcs120 family genes and regulation of cold-tolerance expression in wheat

Chromosome mapping of low-temperature induced Wcs120 family genes and regulation of cold-tolerance expression in wheat

Low-temperature tolerance and genetic potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): response to photoperiod, vernalization, and plant development

Two loci on chromosome 5H determine low-temperature tolerance in a ‘Nure’ (winter) × ‘Tremois’ (spring) barley map

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