The Reinforcing Effect of Combined Carbon Nanotubes and Acetylene Blacks on the Positive Electrode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Sotowa, Chiaki; Origi, Gaku; Takeuchi, Masataka; Nishimura, Yoshiyuki; Takeuchi, Kenji; Jang, In Young; Kim, Yong Jung; Hayashi, T.; Kim, Yoong Ahm; Endo, Morinobu; Dresselhaus, M. S.

doi:10.1002/cssc.200800170

Cited by 111 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This opens up the possibility of using the CNTs obtained in commercial applications, particularly if the iron catalyst was used, as this gave the highest yield. Studies have made use of multiwalled CNTs in a number of applications ranging from high strength composites, coatings, water treatment and energy technologies [19,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. In order to be used in these applications however, a purification process needs to be undertaken to remove amorphous carbons and other contaminants from the CNTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

Acomb

Williams

2016

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

229

120

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Nickel, iron, cobalt and copper catalysts were prepared by impregnation and used to produce carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas from a LDPE feedstock. A two stage catalytic pyrolysis process was used to enable large yields of both products. Plastics samples were pyrolysed in nitrogen at 600°C, before the evolved gases were passed to a second stage and allowed to deposit carbon onto the catalyst at a temperature of 800°C. Carbon nanotubes were successfully generated on nickel, iron and cobalt but were barely observed on the copper catalyst. Iron and nickel catalysts gave the largest yield of both hydrogen and carbon nanotubes as a result of metal-support interactions which were neither too strong, like cobalts, nor too weak like copper. These metal support interactions proved a key factor in CNT production. A nickel catalyst with a weaker interaction was prepared using a lower calcination temperature. Yields of both carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas were lower on the Ni-catalyst prepared at the lower calcination temperature, as a result of sintering of the nickel particles. In addition, the catalyst prepared at a lower calcination temperature produced metal particles which were too large for CNT growth, producing amorphous carbons which deactivate the catalyst instead. Overall the iron catalyst gave the largest yield of CNTs, which is attributed to both its good metal-support interactions and irons large carbon solubility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

Acomb

Williams

2016

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

229

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This opens up the possibility of using the CNTs obtained in commercial applications. Multiwalled CNTs find current uses in a range of applications ranging from high strength composites, coatings, water treatment and energy technologies [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. In order to be used in these applications however, a purification process would need to be undertaken on the CNTs to separate the carbons from the catalyst and to remove amorphous carbons and other contaminants.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growth temperature and feedstock:catalyst ratio on the production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from the pyrolysis of waste plastics

Acomb

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

128

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Carbon nanotubes have been produced from a low density polyethylene (LDPE) feedstock via a two stage pyrolysis process. The temperature of the second stage, where carbon deposition on an iron alumina catalyst occurs (growth temperature), was varied using catalyst temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 C. An increase in catalyst temperature led to a higher yield of both carbon nanotubes and hydrogen, as the rate of carbon deposition increased.Changing the amount of feedstock relative to the catalyst also had an effect on the production of both carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. As more feedstock is used a larger source of carbon gives rise to a larger amount of carbon nanotubes per gram of catalyst. However, in terms of the percentage of feedstock converted into carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas, a reduction was observed. Conversion of plastic into carbon nanotubes was 29.1 wt.% when 0.5g LDPE was used, but reduced to 13.1 wt.% with 1.25g LDPE. This is because the catalyst activity reduces as it becomes overloaded, and much of the hydrocarbon gases are left unreacted. This gives an economic playoff between large conversion of plastics into carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas, and large yields of carbon nanotubes per gram of catalyst used.

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“…For example, CNTs can be applied as multifunctional coating materials, where multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be additives in paint production which aims to reduce bio-fouling [19,20]. The life cycle of batteries or capacitors can be extended with the addition MWCNTs due to increased electronic connectivity and mechanical integrity [19,21,22]. Considering the chemical and dimensional compatibility of CNTs with biomolecules, they have also been used in biosensors and medical devices [19,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes and hydrogen production from the pyrolysis catalysis or catalytic-steam reforming of waste tyres

Zhang

Williams

2016

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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A range of process conditions have been investigated to maximise the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and/or hydrogen from waste tyres. A two-stage pyrolysis-catalytic reactor system was used and the influence of catalyst temperature (700, 800 and 900 °C), tyre: catalyst ratio (1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2) and steam input (water injection 0, 2 and 5 ml h -1 ) to the second catalyst stage were investigated. The catalyst used was a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by a wetness impregnation technique. Carbon was deposited on the catalyst surface during pyrolysis-catalysis increasing with increasing catalyst temperature and also increasing as the tyre: catalyst ratio was raised. Examination of the carbon showed it to be composed of largely filamentous type carbons, producing 253.7 mg g -1 tyre of filamentous carbons at a tyre: catalyst ratio of 1:1 and catalyst temperature of 900 °C. A significant proportion of the deposited filamentous carbons were multi-walled carbon nanotubes as shown by transmission electron microscopy characterisation. The introduction of steam to the process enhanced hydrogen production, producing a maximum of 34.69 mmol g -1 tyre at a water injection rate of 5 ml h -1 .4

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The Reinforcing Effect of Combined Carbon Nanotubes and Acetylene Blacks on the Positive Electrode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cited by 111 publications

References 31 publications

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

Effect of growth temperature and feedstock:catalyst ratio on the production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from the pyrolysis of waste plastics

Carbon nanotubes and hydrogen production from the pyrolysis catalysis or catalytic-steam reforming of waste tyres

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