The Relation between Body Mass Index, Mental Health, and Functional Disability: A European Population Perspective

Bruffærts, Ronny; Demyttenaere, Koen; Vilagut, Gemma; Martinez, Montserat Ms; Bonnewyn, Anke; Graaf, Ron de; Haro, Josep María; Bernert, Sebastian; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Brugha, Traolach; Roick, Christine; Alonso, Jordi

doi:10.1177/070674370805301007

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…We found three additional studies through bibliography hand-searches, yielding 16 relevant publications for this systematic review. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Inter-rater agreement was good for study screening (kappa statistic 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.87) and for quality assessment (kappa 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62-0.88). Tables 1 and 2 summarize the characteristics and main findings of the prospective and cross-sectional studies, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies showed a significant positive association [30][31][32]39,[41][42][43] while five showed a positive trend that was nonsignificant for at least one gender stratum. 34,35,37,44,45 In the largest study on obesity and anxiety disorder to date, Zhao et al 45 analyzed data from 177 047 American adults. Participants self-reported any lifetime medically diagnosed anxiety disorder.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2009

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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries. Obesity is hypothesized to be a risk factor for anxiety disorders but evidence supporting an association between these two conditions is not clear. The objectives of this paper were to systematically review the literature for a link between obesity and anxiety disorders in the general population, and to present a pooled estimate of association. We performed a systematic search for epidemiological articles reporting on obesity (explanatory variable) and anxiety disorders (outcome variable) in seven bibliographical databases. Two independent reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study quality. We found 16 studies (2 prospective and 14 cross-sectional) that met the selection criteria. Measures of effect from prospective data were mixed but cross-sectional evidence suggested a positive association between obesity and anxiety. The pooled odds ratio from cross-sectional studies was 1.4 (confidence interval: 1.2-1.6). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association in men and women. Overall, a moderate level of evidence exists for a positive association between obesity and anxiety disorders. Questions remain regarding the role of obesity severity and subtypes of anxiety disorders. The causal relationship from obesity to anxiety disorders could not be inferred from current data; future etiologic studies are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2009

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“…In addition, the study of De Girolamo et al (14) did not address the distribution of psychiatric diagnoses according to different BMI categories. The relationship between BMI and mental health has been investigated in the European Study on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) (15) , which included the ISTAT findings in the Italian population. In keeping with other reports (8)(9)(10) , the ESEMeD study found that obese subjects were 30-40 % more likely to suffer from one or more mental disorders compared with normalweight subjects (15) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between BMI and mental health has been investigated in the European Study on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) (15) , which included the ISTAT findings in the Italian population. In keeping with other reports (8)(9)(10) , the ESEMeD study found that obese subjects were 30-40 % more likely to suffer from one or more mental disorders compared with normalweight subjects (15) . Although we have excellent epidemiological data on the prevalence of mental disorders in obese subjects (16)(17)(18) and in the general population (14) , less is known about outpatient populations and the distribution of psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (12) in normal-weight and underweight subjects who wish to lose weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of psychopathology in subjects wishing to lose weight: an observational study in Italian subjects

Martinelli

Colombo

Nichini

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate the frequency of psychiatric disorders in subjects wishing to lose weight categorized according to BMI. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: An academic outpatient clinical nutrition service in Italy. Subjects: A total of 207 subjects (thirty-nine men and 168 women; mean age: 38?7 (SD 14?1) years) consecutively attending the study centre for the first time between January 2003 and December 2006. Results: In the entire study group, eighty-three (40 %) subjects had a psychiatric disorder according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Eating disorders were the most prevalent psychiatric condition (thirty-six subjects, 17?4 %), followed by mood and anxiety disorders (9?7 % and 8?7 %, respectively). The frequency of psychiatric disorders among different BMI categories was as follows: 75?0 % in underweight, 50?0 % in normal weight, 33?3 % in overweight and 33?3 % in obese subjects. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders may be frequently found in subjects wishing to lose weight. Our results highlight the importance of psychiatric assessment especially in underweight and normal-weight subjects.

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“…Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) is associated with mood disorders in community studies Bruffaerts et al, 2008;De Wit et al, 2010;Johnston et al, 2004;Luppino et al, 2010;Petry et al, 2008;Simon et al, 2006), although the relationship is affected by several confounding factors, especially gender. In women, depression is significantly associated with BMI, but in men it often is not Jorm et al, 2003;Lim et al, 2008;McLaren et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood States are Not Associated with BMI in Mentally Healthy Adults

Wijk¹

2011

PSYCH

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The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and mental health has been widely investigated, and recent evidence has shown that overweight and obese individuals may be more vulnerable to the development of anxiety and mood disorders than individuals of a normal weight. This article examines the association between BMI and mood states of mentally healthy adults. BMI and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) scores, and other demographic information, was collected from healthy adults over a six month period (N = 1621). When age was controlled, only a small but significant negative correlation between BMI and Depression in men was found, which stands in contrasts to previous studies. This may be due to the sample of mentally healthy adults with less incidence of severe obesity due to their military background. Further, African samples may have different expressions for non-clinical distress than industrialised countries which may lead to skewed results. The findings suggests that measures of transient mood states, like the BRUMS, may not be particularly useful in investigating relationships between mental health constructs and anthropometric measures, like BMI.

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The Relation between Body Mass Index, Mental Health, and Functional Disability: A European Population Perspective

Cited by 51 publications

References 51 publications

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

High frequency of psychopathology in subjects wishing to lose weight: an observational study in Italian subjects

Mood States are Not Associated with BMI in Mentally Healthy Adults

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