The relation between cell proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural development in rat intestinal epithelium

Dongen, J.M. van; Visser, W.J.; Daems, Walter; Galjaard, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00222158

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This hypothesis proposed that the cells emerging from the crypt mouths were already deficient in enzyme machinery. The rationale for the idea was that, whereas in normal intestine, cellular proliferation takes place in the lower two thirds of the crypts and maturation starts in the upper third of this structure [23], the proliferative compartment in a hyperplastic mucosa is extended to the whole crypt region [22], with the result that part of the maturation process is suppressed. In the present case, however, this situation does not appear to arise: Recent quantitative histochemical data [7] have suggested that the operational kinetic parameters governing two disaccharidases at the base of the villi do not differ greatly between controls and ileal remnants, whereas the development of the enzymes during migration along the villi is defective in ileal remnants, at least in the case of c~-glucosidase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional correlations in the hypertrophic mucosa of intestinal remnants following resection in rats

et al. 1982

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Microdissection techniques were applied to determine the absolute increase in villus size and absorptive surface in the mucosa of rat intestinal remnants 3 weeks after 60% proximal resection. Adjacent tissues were used to evaluate the operational kinetic parameters describing the influx of L-phenylalanine and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside into intestinal rings. The villi of ileal remnants were enlarged significantly in all dimensions; the mean surface area of the villus was 2.5 times, and mucosal:serosal surface ratio 1.9 times larger than normal. The influx of phenylalanine and alpha-methyl-glucoside into the mucosa of ileal remnants was reduced, but the change could not be ascribed to an attenuation of one specific kinetic parameter. Using the microdissection data to transform the Vmax-values to a mucosal area basis, we could demonstrate that the Vmax for both substrates was smaller than normal. The results may derive from changes in the maturity of the cell population in intestinal remnants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional correlations in the hypertrophic mucosa of intestinal remnants following resection in rats

et al. 1982

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“…In the functional zone of crypts, and on villi, cells show changes in nuclear size, cell size, organelle content and brush border enzyme activity [1,3,7,8,12,15,28,39,44,[48][49][50].…”

Section: Vertical Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number and ultrastructure of epithelial cells in crypts and villi along the streptozotocin-diabetic small intestine: a quantitative study on the effects of insulin and aldose reductase inhibition

Zoubi

Williams

Mayhew

et al. 1995

Vichows Archiv A Pathol Anat

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This study has quantified the effects of insulin treatment with and without aldose reductase inhibitor (ponalrestat) on intestinal epithelial cell morphology in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Epithelial volumes, villous and microvillous surface areas and mean volumes of cells (and their nuclei) in crypts and villi were estimated in each of four segments and in the entire intestine. We derived total numbers of cells, quantified the ultrastructural features of average cells and explored variation along the intestine and between experimental groups. In crypts, insulin and ponalrestat had significant effects on cell number (reduced towards normal values) and size (volume and apex area increased beyond normal values). There were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat for cell volume and apex area (insulin producing more exaggerated effects when given without ponalrestat). On villi, insulin and ponalrestat returned cell numbers towards normal values but neither treatment normalised cell size or the number and area of microvilli per cell. Indeed, ponalrestat increased microvillous number and area beyond values found in untreated diabetic animals. Again, there were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat. Patterns of segmental variation seen in crypts of normal rats (values tending to be higher in proximal or mid-intestinal regions) were not preserved, and only some of the segmental differences seen on villi (higher values at proximal or mid-intestinal sites) were maintained during therapy. Apart from reducing the abnormally high numbers of cells in untreated diabetic rats, these results show that insulin and ponalrestat treatment fail to restitute epithelial cell morphology in the small intestines of experimental diabetic rats.

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“…This region also contains the characteristic differentiated Paneth cells (PC), and between the Paneth cells there are flattened, undifferentiated crypt base columnar cells (BCC), sometimes called intercalated cells, an unknown fraction of which may act as stem cells (Cheng et al, 1969;Van Dongen et al, 1976;Bjerknes and Cheng, 1981a-e).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Crypt base columnar cells in ileum of BDF₁ Male Mice—their numbers and some features of their proliferation

Chwalinski¹,

Potten²

1989

Am. J. Anat.

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Some features of the proliferative cells at the bottom of the ileal crypts in BDF1 mice have been studied in relation to the distribution of Paneth cells (PC) in an attempt to clarify the nature and function of these crypt base columnar cells (BCC) and to elucidate some aspects of the role of the microenvironment created by the PC. Longitudinal sections of crypts have shown that the ratio of PC to the BCC, which are scattered amongst the PC, is 2.7:1 in sections or approximately 29 PC and 9 BCC per whole crypt, i.e., a ratio of 3.2:1. The labelling index of BCC is about 35%, which is comparable to that of mid-crypt columnar cells. Although the BCC do become labeled, it is concluded that they cannot create vertical pairs or runs of several adjacent BCC since this would seriously disturb the distribution of Paneth cells. Only in dividing crypts are such runs (consisting of 3 to 5 cells) observed. The ability of BCC to synthesize DNA is not dependent on their position in the Paneth cell zone. In 95% of the crypts, the highest Paneth cell is below the 7th cell position from the bottom of the crypt, and the positions of the highest PC on either side of a given crypt are similar. The secreted granules or the cytoplasm of PC specifically bind pokeweed lectin, and this can be used for identification. Tracer doses of 3HTdR (37 kBq/gm body weight) result in the histological death of some BCC, and these damaged cells are evenly distributed throughout the Paneth cell zone. These tracer doses are somewhat selectively incorporated into BCC, i.e., the BCC have a higher grain count in autoradiographs, probably because they possess more thymidine kinase enzyme activity. This ability is very sensitive to the withdrawal of food, because 24 hr of fasting abolished the observed gradient in the intensity of labelling, which is very well correlated with the distribution of BCC. Regeneration of the crypts following cytotoxic exposure to Ara-C is initiated at the base of the crypt and hence may involve the BCC with possible help from the Paneth cells. The latter are insensitive to cytotoxic (S phase specific) agents and may help in the regeneration by preserving the architecture of the base of the crypt.

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The relation between cell proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural development in rat intestinal epithelium

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Structural and functional correlations in the hypertrophic mucosa of intestinal remnants following resection in rats

Structural and functional correlations in the hypertrophic mucosa of intestinal remnants following resection in rats

Number and ultrastructure of epithelial cells in crypts and villi along the streptozotocin-diabetic small intestine: a quantitative study on the effects of insulin and aldose reductase inhibition

Crypt base columnar cells in ileum of BDF₁ Male Mice—their numbers and some features of their proliferation

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The relation between cell proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural development in rat intestinal epithelium

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Structural and functional correlations in the hypertrophic mucosa of intestinal remnants following resection in rats

Structural and functional correlations in the hypertrophic mucosa of intestinal remnants following resection in rats

Number and ultrastructure of epithelial cells in crypts and villi along the streptozotocin-diabetic small intestine: a quantitative study on the effects of insulin and aldose reductase inhibition

Crypt base columnar cells in ileum of BDF1 Male Mice—their numbers and some features of their proliferation

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Crypt base columnar cells in ileum of BDF₁ Male Mice—their numbers and some features of their proliferation